非洲傳統宗教

非洲傳統宗教（，，），泛稱非洲大陸上除伊斯蘭教、基督教等外來宗教，原生於非洲的當地宗教信仰。

社會結構
非洲傳統宗教影響當地社會甚深，透過宗教產生許多和宗教相關的社會階級，如司祭、占卜者等，這些產生於神權的社會階級，承擔溝通人間和神靈的責任，因此地位崇高。也由於非洲傳統宗教大多重視祭祀，尤其是活體獻祭，因此產生許多獻祭活體動物的儀式，由於他們認為鮮血是乘載生命的載體，因此傳統儀式上許多都和血有關，例如放血行為。這些儀式構成信仰傳統宗教者生活中一大重要部分。

神學元素
同時包含多神論和一神論的元素：傳統非洲人相信宇宙有一位至高無上的真神，代表一切的真理，也掌握人類終極的命運，但是這位神和人類距離遙遠，真正需要藉由祭拜來改善生活的，反而是生活周遭的精靈、神明和祖靈等，而精靈、神明和祖靈在非洲人眼中，其特性就和人類一般，得以藉由溝通來改變祂們的想法。正如前面所述，活體獻祭正是取悅眾神、使他們降福的手段。而因為非洲人相信宇宙有至高無上的真神，這也是伊斯蘭或基督宗教等一神信仰進入非洲後，非洲人得以快速接受並大量信仰的原因之一。

註釋
參考文獻

• Information presented here was gleaned from World Eras Encyclopaedia, Volume 10, edited by Pierre-Damien Mvuyekure (New York: Thomson-Gale, 2003), in particular pp. 275–314.
• Baldick, J (1997) Black God: The Afroasiatic Roots of the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Religions. New York: Syracuse University Press.
• Doumbia, A. & Doumbia, N (2004) The Way of the Elders: West African Spirituality & Tradition. Saint Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications.
• Ehret, Christopher, (2002) [https://books.google.com/books?id=ga7QqZw6VPYC&dq=The+Civilizations+of+Africa:+a+History+to+1800&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=RUEUS9qJLYy7lAfB3ZyrAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=&f=falseThe Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800] . Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
• Ehret, Christopher, An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400, page 159, University of Virginia Press,
• Karade, B (1994) The Handbook of Yoruba Religious Concepts. York Beach, MA: Samuel Weiser Inc.
• P'Bitek, Okot. African Religions and Western Scholarship. Kampala: East African Literature Bureau, 1970.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20091007211758/http://www.princetonol.com/GROUPS/IAD/LESSONS/middle/history1.htm Princeton Online, History of Africa]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20000831203513/http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/4/3.htm Wiredu, Kwasi Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy And Religion in African Studies Quarterly, The Online Journal for African Studies, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1998]

外部連結

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190601074021/http://www.africanbelief.com/ African Comparative Belief]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190601074020/http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/ Afrika world.net]A website with extensive links and information about traditional African religions
• [http://www.alawoye.com Baba Alawoye.com] Baba'Awo Awoyinfa Ifaloju, showcasing Ifa using web media 2.0 (blogs, podcasting, video & photocasting)
• [https://culture-exchange.blog/animism-modern-africa culture-exchange.blog/animism-modern-africa ] An article explaining the parallels between traditional and modern religious practices in Africa