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US-6

Wikipedia · 2025-08-07 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

斯蒂庞克US6是美国二战时期一个与5吨6×4卡车系列，由斯蒂庞克公司与公司制造。

历史
研发
1939-1940年，美国陆军军械部队招标吨战术6×6越野车。斯蒂庞克、通用汽车下属的、提交了设计并于1941年投产。

US-6 吨战术6×6越野车与相关的5吨6x4卡车，总计生产了13个车型219,882辆。其中197,678辆在印第安纳州南本德工厂生产。 REO公司在芝加哥工厂从1944年生产了22,204辆US6 U9卡车（无前绞盘）。1945年停产。

服役
大部分车辆根据租借法案援助苏联，因为其竞争对手GMC 6×6 CCKW被认为更适合于西线战场。1941年秋，第一辆US6卡车运抵苏联。1942年7月苏联红军测试了11台6x6“斯蒂庞克”（这是苏联对此型车的称呼），结果把车的载重从2.5吨扩大为4吨。1945年，车载重降低为吨，在良好路面可载重5吨。

大量US6通过运入苏联。

US6卡车也被美军用于开辟中印公路与阿拉斯加公路。

二战后，US6强烈影响了苏联卡车与ZiL-157越野车的设计。

规格
Engine and driveline
The US6 used a Hercules JXD engine, with an L-head inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine developing at 2800 rpm and of torque at 1150 rpm. A conservative-type and highly-reliable engine with a compression ratio of only 5.82:1, it could use 72-octane gasoline. This same engine was also used in the M3 half-tracks and, later, M8 Greyhound and M20 armoured cars (the latter was a variant (lacking the gun turret) of the M8 Greyhound).

The Warner T 93 5 speed transmission had a very low first, a direct fourth and an overdrive fifth gear. A power take-off could be fitted to operate a winch (mounted just below in front of the radiator) and/or the hydraulic hoist on dump trucks (the U10/U11 and U12/U13 dump truck models).

The Timken T-79 transfer case had high and low ranges, a neutral position and could either engage or disengage the front axle. There was one output shaft mounted forward to the front axle (not used in 6x4 trucks) and two to the rear, with one for each rear axle.

Both front and rear axles were of the Timken split-type with a ratio of 6.6:1. The front axle had ball-type constant-velocity joints while the two at the rear were full-floating.

Chassis
The US6 had a ladder frame with three beam axles, the front on semi elliptical leaf springs, the rear tandem on quarter elliptical leaf springs with locating arms.

There were two wheelbases, the short , used in semi tractors, dump trucks, and short cargo models, and the long , used in tankers, long cargo models, and the U9 chassis cab (measurements are from the centerline of the front axle to the centerline of rear bogie). All models had 7.50-20” tires and dual rear tires. 6x4 models, intended for on road use only, were rated at 5 tons (4536 kg), twice the 6x6’s off-road rating.

Cab
The US6 carried the design of Studebaker’s civilian truck cab, although it was modified for military use. Studebaker trucks were different from other 6x6 trucks built for the war effort of the USA because vent windows were included in each door. These vent windows were separate from the main window that rolled down into the door-frame and could be swung out to help with the truck cab's ventilation.

Studebaker also designed the open-type military truck cab which was featured on the GMC CCKW (later models), but their major customer, the USSR, preferred the closed cab for their generally harsh (cold-weather) climate. While Studebaker's open-type truck cab became the American standard, production of the US6 with the closed-type truck cab was restarted after only 10,000 units of the former.

型号
File:US6 Cargo U2.jpg|U4货车
File:US6 Tanker U5.jpg|U5油车
File:US6 Tractor U6.jpg|U6牵引车
File:US6 Dump U11.jpg|U11自卸车
File:US6 Dump U13.jpg|U13自卸车

U1与U2载重卡车（装有前绞盘）是短轴距，备胎在驾驶室下，车厢长仅。主要用于运输。

U3/U4与6x4 U7/U8载重卡车是长轴距，备胎在长的货箱下面。总计生产了197,000台货箱车型。

U5油车是长轴距，两个独立的载油箱，无绞车。

6x4 U6半挂牵引车，无绞车。

U9载重卡车是长轴距，无绞车。苏联的喀秋莎火箭炮的载车。

U10/U11 (尾侧) 与U12/U13 (边侧)自卸卡车是短轴距。

尺寸
File:Military Vehicles (2621947332).jpg|卡车
(私人拥有，完全复原)
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 204-018, Berlin, Henryk Gorovits neben russischem LKW.jpg|货车
(1945年5月在柏林)
File:G-630 Tractor Studebaker US6-U6 H-384605 pic1.JPG|半挂牵引车
(博物馆展示)
File:Near East Iran - truck convoy of US supplies for USSR - NARA - 195340.jpg|半挂牵引车
(1943年在波斯东部向苏联运送物资途中)
File:Verkhnyaya Pyshma Tank Museum 2011 029.jpg|喀秋莎火箭炮载车 (博物馆展示)
File:RIAN archive 303890 A battery of Katyusha during the 1941-1945 Great Patriotic War.jpg|喀秋莎火箭炮连齐射
(1942年在斯大林格勒)

流行文化
電子遊戲

  • 《應徵入伍》

参见

  • GMC CCKW 2½吨6×6卡车

参考文献
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外部链接

#美國二戰武器 #苏联二战军用车辆

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