实时串流协议(Real Time Streaming Protocol,RTSP)是一种网络应用协议,专为娱乐和通信系统的使用,以控制流媒体服务器。该协议用于建立和控制终端之间的媒体会话。媒体服务器的客户端发布VCR命令,例如播放,录制和暂停,以便于实时控制从服务器到客户端(视频点播)或从客户端到服务器(语音录音)的媒体流。
流数据本身的传输不是RTSP的任务。大多数RTSP服务器使用实时传输协议(RTP)和实时传输控制协议(RTCP)结合媒体流传输。然而,一些供应商实现专有传输协议。例如,RealNetworks公司的RTSP服务器软件也使用RealNetworks的专有实时数据传输(RDT)。
RTSP由RealNetworks公司,Netscape公司 和哥伦比亚大学开发,第一稿于1996年提交给IETF。由互联网工程任务组(IETF)的多方多媒体会话控制工作组(MMUSIC WG)进行了标准化,并于1998年发布为RFC 2326。 RTSP 2.0 于2016年发布为RFC 7826,作为RTSP 1.0的替代品。RTSP 2.0基于RTSP 1.0,但除了基本的版本协商机制之外不向后兼容。
协议指令
虽然在某些方面与HTTP类似,RTSP定义了控制多媒体播放控制顺序。虽然HTTP是无状态的,但RTSP具有状态; 当需要跟踪并发会话时使用标识符。像HTTP一样,RTSP使用TCP来维护端到端连接,而大多数RTSP控制消息由客户端发送到服务器,一些命令沿着另一个方向(即从服务器到客户端)传播。
这里提供了基本的RTSP请求。一些典型的HTTP请求,如OPTIONS请求也可用。默认传输端口为554
已经成功实现的
服务端
- Darwin Streaming Server: Open-sourced version of QuickTime Streaming Server maintained by Apple.
- Erlyvideo has RTSP client and can restream video to other protocols.
- Feng: Lean and mean streaming server with focus on rfc compliance.
- FFmpeg: includes ffserver a GPL or LGPL RTSP streaming server.
- GStreamer based RTSP Server and client.
- Helix DNA Server: RealNetworks' streaming server. Comes in both open-source and proprietary flavors.
- Helix Universal Server: RealNetworks commercial streaming server for RTSP, RTMP, iOS, Silverlight and HTTP streaming media clients
- LEADTOOLS Media Streaming Server SDK from LEAD Technologies supports RTSP/RTP, RTSP/RTP (MPEG-2 Transport), RTSP/RTP over HTTP.
- LIVE555 liveMedia / openRTSP: Open source C++ server and client libraries used in well-known clients like VLC and mplayer.
- [http://net7mma.codeplex.com Managed Media Aggregation] : .NET C# RFC compliant implementation of RTSP written in completely managed code.
- Nimble Streamer supports RTSP pull and announce input with TCP interleaved playback output.
- pvServer: Formerly called PacketVideo Streaming Server, this is Alcatel-Lucent's streaming server product.
- QuickTime Streaming Server: Apple's closed-source streaming server that ships with Mac OS X Server.
- [http://github.com/ngraziano/SharpRTSP SharpRTSP] : Open sourceC# RTSP streaming server.
- ViaMotion: Integrated RTSP server for Video On Demand by Anevia
- VideoLAN: Open source media player and streaming server.
- VX30: Streaming video server and embedded Java client from Maui X-Stream.
- Windows Media Services: Microsoft streaming server previously included with Windows Server that uses RTSP modified with [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc245238.aspx Windows Media extensions]
- Wowza Streaming Engine: Multi-format streaming server for RTSP/RTP, RTMP, MPEG-TS, ICY, HTTP (HTTP Live Streaming, HTTP Dynamic Streaming, Smooth Streaming, MPEG-DASH), WebRTC
- Xenon Streaming Server: 来自Vidiator Technology(US)Inc.的移动流服务器
- YouTube: 在桌面上通过移动HTTPS版本查看网站时,可以使用流媒体选项。
客户端
- Astra
- cURL (从7.20.0版本2010年2月9日 )
- FFmpeg
- GStreamer
- JetAudio
- LIVE555 liveMedia / openRTSP:开源,C++服务器和客户端库,如VLC和mplayer等知名客户端使用。
- Media Player Classic
- MPlayer
- MythTV via Freebox
- [http://net7mma.codeplex.com Managed Media Aggregation] : .NET C# RFC compliant implementation of RTSP written in completely managed code.
- omxplayer
- QuickTime
- RealPlayer
- [http://github.com/ngraziano/SharpRTSP SharpRTSP] : 开源,C# 编写的RTSP流客户端。
- Skype
- Spotify
- VLC media player
- Winamp
- Windows Media Player
- xine
参考
外部链接
- [http://dslab.ee.ncku.edu.tw/~lily/learning/learning_ch2-1.html 有關RTSP更詳細的介紹]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110628235418/http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2326.txt 關於RTSP的RFC文件]
- [http://stenlyho.blogspot.tw/2007/04/rtsp-rtp.html RTSP RTP RTCP相關資料]
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