齒股蠅屬

齒股蠅屬（學名：**'）是家蠅科之下一個雙翅目昆蟲的属。雖然幾乎全球都可見到本屬物種的踪影，但在較溫暖的氣候更常見。在夏季，牠們時常會在糞便上出現，在家畜的排遺附近很常見。本屬已知物種有超過130種，當中最常見的為。

如同其他同科的屬，本屬物種無論在經濟方面或公共衛生方面都具有司法科学領域的重要性。無論是在人類医学或兽医学這兩方面，本屬物種均被多個權威機構認定為最重要的昆蟲。
已證明部分本屬物種會將某些疾病的病原體攜帶並傳播給溫血動物，包括人類，另外有五個物種在台灣分佈。下列部分物種：
*H. acuta , 1898
***' (, 1830)

• 親齒污蠅 Hydrotaea affinis ，邻齿股蝇
• 类邻齿股蝇 H. affinoides

***' (, 1845)

• Hydrotaea armipes (Fallén, 1825) = 隐齿股蝇 Hydrotaea occulta (Meigen, 1826)
• 刺足齿股蝇 Hydrotaea armipes Fallén

*H. anxia (Zetterstedt, 1838)

• 刺足齿股蝇 **' (, 1825)

*H. atrisquama Ringdahl, 1925
*H. australis , 1923
*H. basdeni , 1939

• 双斑齿股蝇 Hydrotaea bimaculata Meigen
• 拟双斑齿股蝇 Hydrotaea bimaculatoides Wang

*H. borussica Stein, 1899

• 斜齿股蝇 H. calcarata
• 开普齿股蝇 H. capensis ：屬於Ophyra亞屬。
• H. chalcogaster ：屬於Ophyra亞屬。
• 栉足齿股蝇 H. cinerea

*H. cristata Malloch, 1918

• 南曲脉齿股蝇 Hydrotaea cyrtoneura Seguy, 1938
• 曲脉齿股蝇 **' (Zetterstedt, 1845)
• 常齿股蝇 **'

*H. depressa Huckett, 1954

• 双斑齿股蝇 **'
• 渡口齿股蝇 Hydrotaea dukouensis Ni, 1982
• 隐齿股蝇 **'
• 裸齿股蝇 Hydrotaea glabricula (Fallén, 1825)
• Hydrotaea hennigi Pont, 1986

*H. hirticeps (Fallén, 1824)
*H. hirtipes (Malloch, 1924)
***' Malloch, 1916

• 夏氏齿股蝇 H. hsiai
• 银眉齿股蝇 *' ：屬於Ophyra*亞屬。

*H. irritans (Fallén, 1823)

• 雅氏齒股蠅 H. jacobsoni ，爪哇齿股蝇

*H. lasiophthalma Malloch, 1919

• 长鬃齿股蝇 H. logisteta = Hydrotaea longiseta Feng & Feng, 1997

*H. lundbecki (Michelsen, 1978)

• 玛曲齿股蝇 Hydrotaea maquensis Wu, 1990

*H. meridionalis Porschinskiy, 1882

• 速跃齿股蝇 H. meteorica
• 斑翅齿股蝇 **' (, 1826)
• 拟毛足齿股蝇 Hydrotaea mimopilipes Ma & Zhao , 1992
• 单鬃齿股蝇 H. monochaeta
• 多鬃齿股蝇 Hydrotaea multichaeta Wu, 1990

*H. nidicola Malloch, 1925

• 裸刺齿股蝇 Hydrotaea nudispinosa Ma,sp.n
• 暗额齿股蝇 H. obscurifrons ：屬於Ophyra亞屬。
• 钝鬃齿股蝇 Hydrotaea obtusiseta Feng & Feng, 1997
• 钝齿股蝇 H. obtusisteta
• 隱齒股蠅 H. occulata
• 角逐齿股蝇 H. palaestrica

*H. pallicornis Pont, 1973

• 曲股齿股蝇 Hydrotaea pandellei Stein, 1899
• 豹股齿股蝇 Hydrotaea pardifemorata Xue, Zhang & Liu, 1994
• 小齿股蝇 H. parva

*H. pellucens
*H. penicillata (, 1866)

• 毛足齿股蝇 Hydrotaea pilipes Stein, 1903
• 长毛齿股蝇 Hydrotaea pilitibia Stein, 1916，毛胫齿股蝇
• 单毛齿股蝇 Hydrotaea ringdahli Stein, 1916

*H. rostrata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

• 曲胫齿股蝇 Hydrotaea scambus = Hydrotaea seambus Zetterstedt
• 拟常齿股蝇 Hydrotaea similis Meade, 1887
• 林齿股蝇 Hydrotaea silva Hsue
• 刺腿齒股蠅 Hydrotaea spinefemora

*H. spinifemorata Huckett, 1954

• 刺颊齿股蝇 Hydrotaea spinigena Xue & Li, 1995
• 厚环齿股蝇， 也称具刺齿股蝇， Hydrotaea spinigera ：屬於Ophyra亞屬。
• 刺齿股蝇 Hydrotaea spinosa Stein
• 多刺齿股蝇 Hydrotaea spinosus Ye & Ma, 1992
• 臺灣齒股蠅 Hydrotaea taiwanensis

*H. tersa (Wiedemann, 1830)

• 虎股齿股蝇 Hydrotaea tigrifemorata Xue, Zhang & Liu, 1994

*H. tuberculata Róndani, 1866

• 单刺齿股蝇 Hydrotaea unispinosa Stein, 1898
• 黑胸齿股绳 H. velutina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
• 新疆齿股蝇 Hydrotaea xinjiangensis Ni, 1982
• 昭盟齿股蝇 Hydrotaea zhaomenga Xue , 1994

描述
幼体e of this genus are often 多态性 (生物学) obligate 肉食動物s. The second and third s are predators, and the first is also carnivorous in some species. Some species have 同类相食 final instars. The smallest larvae are under 6 mm and the largest are up to 16 mm. The abdomen has ventral welts and large 氣門s with slits.

The larvae of another species, the black dump fly (H. aenescens), inhabit fecal material and consume other larvae, including those of 家蠅, the housefly. The black dump fly is commercially available for use in housefly control.

Some larvae are able to seek shelter underground in cold conditions.

Associated pathogens
Research has incriminated Hydrotaea irritans as a vector of summer , a 牛亚科 infection that can be caused by multiple suspected 细菌. The research allowed flies inoculated with select bacteria from a sample representing summer mastitis to come in contact with the s of 家牛. The bacteria appeared in some of the cows and on the bodies of just over a third of the doctored flies. The evidence indicates that H. irritans transmits the bacterial species 金黃色葡萄球菌, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, ', ', Peptostreptococcus indolicus, and **'.

司法科学的重要性
本屬物種在世界各地司法科学個案方面有其重要性，因為這些物種的存在及數量顯示了尸体现象（post-mortem interval，PMI）發生的時間。這些物種會在屍體開始分解作用之後四至五個月棲息於屍體之內。牠們顯示了屍體未有被火化，而且在較早期被麗蠅所棲息的期間已完結。 Hydrotaea larvae may feed on each other and on other flies, such as blow-flies. Hydrotaea rostrata may arrive at a decomposing body on the second day of decay, and may stay up to 34 days or until the body is 骨骼系統ized.

參考文獻
外部連結