我們的事業(,;音译科萨诺斯特拉),通常稱為西西里黑手黨(),可簡稱作黑手黨(),是以意大利西西里岛為基地,帶有恐怖主义特色的黑手党類型的有組織犯罪集團。隨著移民潮,黑手黨蔓延到如美國、加拿大、澳洲等義大利裔雲集的國家。
簡介
西西里黑手黨是由有鬆散聯繫的多個犯罪集團組成,它們有共同的組織架構以及行為守則。基礎的團體被稱為「家族」、「部落」或「」(意大利語,意思為「氏族」)。每個「家族」都會對領土宣稱主權,範圍通常是一個城鎮、一個村莊,或一個大城市中的一個近鄰社區(),它們會在「領土」內進行違法的賺取金錢的行為。黑手黨的成員會稱自己作"made men"(美语,直译作“修成者”)、“uomo d'onore”(意语,字面解“荣耀者”)、“omu d'onuri”(西西里语,意思是“荣耀者”)或“uomo di rispetto”(意语,字面上等于“尊崇者”),但公眾人士一般稱他們為“”(可译成“黑手黨成員”)。西西里黑手黨的主要活動是收取保護費、進行犯罪者之間的仲裁,以及組織和監管一些非法協議和交易。
入幫儀式
以西西里傳統入幫儀式而言,黑手黨新進嘍囉要入會之前,首先跪在首領之前,首領取一張聖人的聖像,通常是首領或新進嘍囉的主保聖人,或者聖母像。置於嘍囉一隻手之手心,首領取一把匕首(或任何小刀,甚至水果刀或瑞士刀),劃開嘍囉另一隻手的手指,讓血滴在聖像之上。然後要嘍囉雙手併攏,以掌心捧著聖像。首領問:「你願意在聖人面前以血發誓,永遠遵守幫規,不出賣家族麼?」嘍囉答:「我發誓。」然後首領即點火燃燒那張掌心捧著的染血聖像,說;「聖人見証,你若背叛,就如同這張聖像,在陽世間被炮烙,或者在地獄裏受火刑」。將燒至手時,嘍囉將聖像放在地板上,低頭合掌向聖像禮拜。首領會走過來擁抱嘍囉,說:「聖人賜福予你,我的兄弟(我的孩子)」。。
參見
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參考來源
參考資料
- Alcorn, John (2004). [http://www.comune.corleone.pa.it/file%20da%20scaricare/Saggi%20palermo1_Saggi%20palermo1.pdf Revolutionary Mafiosi: Voice and Exit in the 1890s], in: Paolo Viola & Titti Morello (eds.), L’associazionismo a Corleone: Un’inchiesta storica e sociologica (Istituto Gramsci Siciliano, Palermo, 2004)
- Arlacchi, Pino (1988). Mafia Business. The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press
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- Arlacchi, Pino (1994). Addio Cosa nostra: La vita di Tommaso Buscetta, Milan: Rizzoli
- Chubb, Judith (1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041223024115/http://www.holycross.edu/departments/history/tmcbride/mafia1.htm The Mafia and Politics], Cornell Studies in International Affairs, Occasional Papers No. 23.
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- Duggan, Christopher (1989). Fascism and the Mafia, New Haven: Yale University Press
- Duggan, Christopher (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=lSRwOZ0Yxw8C&pg=PA452 The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796] , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
- Fijnaut, Cyrille & Letizia Paoli (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=iegCkMlnI_UC Organised crime in Europe: concepts, patterns, and control policies in the European Union and beyond] , Springer,
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- Hess, Henner (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=izNdhCqsh5QC&dq=henner+hess Mafia & Mafiosi: Origin, Power, and Myth] , London: Hurst & Co Publishers,
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- Mosca, Gaetano (2014). [https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00N5L4MOQ "What is Mafia."] M&J, 2014. Translation of the book "Cosa è la Mafia," Giornale degli Economisti, Luglio 1901, pp. 236–62.
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- Schneider, Jane T. & Peter T. Schneider (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=f52WqN8pR14C Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia, and the Struggle for Palermo], Berkeley: University of California Press
- Seindal, René (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJf-oKqos1YC Mafia: money and politics in Sicily, 1950-1997], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press,
- Servadio, Gaia (1976), Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day, London: Secker & Warburg
- Bandiera, Oriana (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716113642/http://econ.lse.ac.uk/staff/bandiera/mafiaJLEO.pdf Land Reform, the Market for Protection and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence]. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Apr., 2003), pp. 218–244.
外部連結
- [http://www.interno.it/dip_ps/dia/index.htm Direzione Investigativa Antimafia]
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