缨小蜂科

缨小蜂科(Mymaridae)也被称为仙女蜂科(fairy wasp或fairyfly)，是小蜂总科下的一个科，遍布世界温带和热带区域。缨小蜂科包含100个属和1400个物种。

体型
同大多是小蜂总科的生物一样，缨小蜂科的昆虫都十分微小，通常只有长。 缨小蜂科包含目前已知的最小昆虫，体长只有。最小的飞虫也属于缨小蜂科，体长为。缨小蜂科通常为黑色、棕色或黄色。雌性触角明显地呈片段型的倾斜，而雄性触角则是线状的。它们的翅膀一般是细长的，具有长鬃毛，看起来呈羽毛状，但也有的物种拥有很短的翅膀或完全没有翅膀。通过头部缝线的H形图案可以区别缨小蜂科与其他小蜂总科生物。

特性
缨小蜂科是小蜂总科下最常见的一个科，但它们由于体型十分微小所以难以被人注意到。它们的一生十分短暂，通常只有几天。所有的缨小蜂科生物都是拟寄生物，它们寄生在其他昆虫的卵里面，很多物种都已被成功地用来做生物防治。

缨小蜂科的化石来源于早期白垩纪的阿尔布期。它们是目前已知的唯一来源于白垩纪的小蜂总科生物，因此它们被认为是最原始的小蜂总科生物。

分类
缨小蜂科最初由爱尔兰昆虫学家亚力山大·亨利·哈利迪于1833年创立。哈利迪的两位亲密朋友约翰·柯蒂斯和弗朗西斯·沃克，也是受人尊敬的昆虫学家，他们在19世纪早期的膜翅目昆虫研究中具有很深的影响力。

属
下表是缨小蜂科所包含的属。

有 † 标志的为已经灭绝的属

现存属
*Acanthomymar Subba Rao, 1970
*Acmopolynema Ogloblin, 1946
*Acmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Agalmopolynema Ogloblin, 1960
*Alaptus Ferrière, 1930
*Allanagrus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Allarescon Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Anagroidea Girault, 1915
*Anagrus Haliday, 1833
*Anaphes Haliday, 1833
*Anneckia Subba Rao, 1970
*Apoxypteron Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Arescon Walker, 1846
*Australomymar Girault, 1929
*Baburia Hedqvist, 2004
*Bakkendorfia Mathot, 1966
*Boccacciomymar Triapitysn & Berezovskiy, 2007
*Borneomymar Huber, 2002
*Boudiennyia Girault, 1937
*Bruchomymar Ogloblin, 1939
*Caenomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
*Callodicopus Ogloblin, 1955
*Camptoptera Förster, 1856
*Camptopteroides Viggiani, 1974
*Caraphractus Walker, 1846
*Ceratanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Chaetomymar Ogloblin, 1946
*Chrysoctonus Mathot, 1966
*Cleruchoides Lin & Huber, 2007
*Cleruchus Enock, 1909
*Cnecomymar Ogloblin, 1963
*Cremnomymar Ogloblin, 1952
*Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Dicopomorpha Ogloblin, 1955
*Dicopus Enock, 1909
*Dorya Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Entrichopteris Yoshimoto, 1990
*Eofoersteria Mathot, 1966
*Erdosiella Soyka, 1956
*Erythmelus Enock, 1909
*Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972
*Eucleruchus Ogloblin, 1940
*Eustochomorpha Girault, 1915
*Eustochus Haliday, 1833
*Formicomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
*Gahanopsis Ogloblin, 1946
*Ganomymar De Santis, 1972
*Gonatocerus Nees, 1834
*Haplochaeta Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Himopolynema Taguchi, 1977
*Idiocentrus Gahan, 1927
*Ischiodasys Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Kalopolynema Ogloblin, 1960
*Kikiki Huber & Beardsley, 2000
*Kompsomymar Lin & Huber, 2007
*Krokella Huber, 1993
*Kubja Subba Rao, 1984
*Litus Haliday, 1833
*Macrocamptoptera Girault, 1910
*Malfattia Meunier, 1901
*Mimalaptus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Mymar Curtis, 1829
*Mymarilla Westwood, 1879
*Myrmecomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
*Narayanella Subba Rao, 1976
*Neolitus Ogloblin, 1935
*Neomymar Crawford, 1913
*Neostethynium Ogloblin, 1964
*Neserythmelus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Nesomymar Valentine, 1971
*Nesopatasson Valentine, 1971
*Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto, 1970
*Omyomymar Schauff, 1983
*Ooctonus Haliday, 1833
*Palaeoneura Waterhouse, 1915
*Palaeopatasson Witsack, 1986
*Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Paranaphoidea Girault, 1913
*Parapolynema Fidalgo, 1982
*Parastethynium Lin & Huber in Lin, Huber & La Salle, 2007
*Platyfrons Yoshimoto, 1990
*Platypolynema Ogloblin, 1960
*Platystethynium Ogloblin, 1946
*Polynema Haliday, 1833
*Polynemoidea Girault, 1913
*Polynemula Ogloblin, 1967
*Prionaphes Hincks, 1961
*Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Pseudocleruchus Donev & Huber, 2002
*Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt, 1961
*Restisoma Yoshimoto, 1990
*Richteria Girault, 1920
*Schizophragma Ogloblin, 1949
*Scleromymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Steganogaster Noyes & Valentine, 1989
*Stephanocampta Mathot, 1966
*Stephanodes Enock, 1909
*Stethynium Enock, 1909
*Tanyostethium Yoshimoto, 1990
*Tetrapolynema Ogloblin, 1946
*Tinkerbella Huber & Noyes, 2013
*Zelanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989

化石属
这些是已经灭绝的属，通过分析其化石从而被归类于缨小蜂科:

• †Carpenteriana Yoshimoto, 1975
• †Enneagmus Yoshimoto, 1975
• †Eoanaphes Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011
• †Eoeustochus Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011
• †Macalpinia Yoshimoto, 1975
• †Myanmymar Huber in Huber & Poinar, 2011
• †Triadomerus Yoshimoto, 1975

参见

• 生物防治
• 寄生蜂下目
• 赤眼蜂科

参考
外部链接

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060910235944/http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/hym/chalcids/Mymarid.html USDA Mymaridae]
• [http://ponent.atspace.org/fauna/ins/fam/mymaridae/mymaridae.htm Ponent] Images
• [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/chalcidoids/mymaridae.html Universal Chalcidoidea Database]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070323032402/http://gwss.mooreascience.org/index-en.htm Biocontrol of the GWSS using a Mymarid in French Polynesia]