植物育種（）是指透過改變植物的特徵而產生所期望的特性的藝術和科學。植物配種現使用於為人類和動物改善產品中營養的品質。 植物育種的目標是培育出具有獨特和優越性狀、適合各種應用的作物品種。最常被提及的農業性狀是那些與生物和非生物脅迫耐受性、穀物或生物量產量、最終用途品質特徵（例如味道或特定生物分子（蛋白質、糖、脂質、維生素、纖維）的濃度）以及易於加工有關的特性。
植物育種可以透過許多不同的技術進行，從簡單地選擇具有所需繁殖特性的植物，到利用遺傳學和染色體知識的方法，再到更複雜的分子技術。植物中的基因決定了其具有何種類型的質量或數量性狀。植物育種者努力創造特定的植物結果和潛在的新植物品種，並在此過程中將該品種的遺傳多樣性縮小到特定的幾種生物型。
參見
*農作物
*糧食安全
*馴化
*數量性狀基因座
*異儲型種子
*生物多樣性公約
*名古屋議定書
*國際植物新品種保護聯盟
參考來源
普遍的
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- Briggs, F.N. and Knowles, P.F. 1967. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.
- Curry, Helen Anne. Evolution Made to Order: Plant Breeding and Technological Innovation in Twentieth-Century America () U of Chicago Press, 2016. x, 285 pp.
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- [https://web.archive.org/web/20041130195153/http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/Publications/pubfile.asp?ID_PUB=47 The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication – The Harlan Symposium]
- Schlegel, Rolf (2009) [http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781439802427 Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding] 2nd ed. (), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 584
- Schlegel, Rolf (2007) [http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781560221463 Concise Encyclopedia of Crop Improvement: Institutions, Persons, Theories, Methods, and Histories] (), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 423
- Schlegel, Rolf (2014) Dictionary of Plant Breeding, 2nd ed., (), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis Group, Inc., New York, USA, pp 584
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- Thro, A.M.; Spillane, C. (1999) [http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/articulos_ciat/wd4.pdf Biotechnology assisted participatory plant breeding: Complement or contradiction?] CGIAR Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis, Working Document No.4, CIAT: Cali. 150pp.
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外部連結
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20150918103054/http://www.extension.org/plant_breeding_genomics Plant Breeding and Genomics eXtension Community of Practice] – education and training materials for plant breeders and allied professionals
- [https://archive.today/20121208175110/http://www.plant-breeding-update.de/ Plant Breeding Updates]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090223153405/http://www.agron.iastate.edu/faculty/fehr/FehrHOCP.aspx Hybridization of Crop Plants] – large practical reference on plant hybridization
- [http://www.infography.com/content/098241002810.html Infography about the History of Plant Breeding]
- [http://www.opbf.org/glossary Glossary of plant breeding terminology by the Open Plant Breeding Foundation]
- [http://www.plantbreeding.org/ National Association of Plant Breeders (NAPB)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070812024421/http://km.fao.org/gipb/ The Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building – GIPB]
- [http://mvgs.iaea.org/AboutMutantVarities.aspx FAO/IAEA Programme Mutant Variety Database]
- [https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/Biotechnology/ucm096095.htm FDA Statement of Policy – Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties]
*[https://www.vermontlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2020-01/Defensive-Publication-Guide.pdf A Breed Apart: The Plant Breeder's Guide to Preventing Patents through Defensive Publication] by Cydnee V. Bence & Emily J. Spiegel, 2019
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