恆星之書

。托勒密記錄下在大熊座尾部的尾巴,是大家所熟知的北斗七星,但可以注意到它們是我們實際看到的一個鏡像。這是因為蘇菲為每一個星座提供了兩個圖像,一個是我們在夜空中看到的影像,另一個是天球儀上的影像。這張圖像是來自博德利圖書館的副本,是現存最古老的副本。]]

恆星之書(**')是天文學家阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·蘇菲於西元964年撰寫的書。雖然作者是波斯人,但這本書是用阿拉伯文書寫。他試圖將托勒密的《天文學大成》(第七冊和第八冊)和阿拉伯傳統天文學原本的星座綜合成星表。

這本書詳細說明和敘述對恆星的觀察,它們的位置(從托勒密的《天文學大成》複製過來,而因為歲差的緣故,經度增加了12° 42')、星等(亮度)和顏色。如同托勒密的天文學大成是以星座,他的研究結果也是以星座來呈現。對每一個星座,他提供了兩個圖形,一張是從內向外觀看天球,另一張是從外向內觀看天球。

這項工作有很大的影響力,因而有許多手稿和翻譯本倖存下來。現存最古老的手稿保存在博德利圖書館,並且是作者兒子在1009年的手稿。在大英圖書館中有一份13世紀的複製品。

的伊斯蘭藝術博物館,兩頁恆星之書是出自12世紀伊拉克的。]]

他所描述的小雲,實際上是對仙女座星系最早的描述和插畫。他把它說成是躺在一條大魚的嘴前,這是一個阿拉伯的星座。很可能在905年之前,伊斯法罕的天文學家就都已經熟知這朵"雲"的存在。
大小麥哲倫星雲最早的紀錄,也出自"恆星之書" 。這些都是在銀河系之外最早從地球觀察到的星系。他觀察到的仙女座大星系也是第一個真正不同於星團的星雲。。

他可能還將船帆座o星團歸類為"朦朧之星",此外還有狐狸座的"模糊物件",現在被稱為蘇菲的星團、"衣架星群"、布洛契星團或Collinder 399。迄2012年3月,澳洲唐斯維詹姆士庫克大學的Ihsan Hafez在籌備中。

版本

  • Text and French translation of Ṣūfī's introduction by J. J. A. Caussin de Perceval in Notices et extraits des manuscrits XII, Paris, 1831, pp. 236f.
  • H.C.F.C. Schjellerup, [http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/content/titleinfo/459362 Description des étoiles fixes par Abd-al-Rahman al-Sûfi] , St. Petersburg, 1874. Complete French translation from two late mss., with selected portions in Arabic.
  • Ketāb ṣowar al-kawākeb al-ṯābeta, edited from five mss., and accompanied by the Orǰūza of Ebn al-Ṣūfī, Hyderabad, India, 1954 (introduction by H. J. J. Winter).
  • Facsimile edition of the Persian translation by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī (Ayasofya 2595, autograph, from Uluḡ Beg’s library), Tehran, 1348 Š./1969.
  • Critical edition of Ṭūsī's translation by Sayyed Moʿezz-al-dīn Mahdavī, Tehran, 1351 Š./1972.
  • The star nomenclature of the Castilian version, and of an Italian translation made from Castilian, was critically edited by O. J. Tallgren, "Los nombres árabes de las estrelas y la transcripción alfonsina", in Homenaje a R. Menéndez Pidal II, Madrid, 1925, with 'Correcciones y adiciones' in Revista de filología española 12, 1925, pp. 52f.
  • The Italian translation was edited by P. Knecht, I libri astronomici di Alfonso X in una versione fiorentina del trecento, Saragossa, 1965.

參考資料
Paul Kunitzsch, The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars, and Their Influence in Medieval Europe* (Variorum Reprint, Cs307)
Paul Kunitzsch, Arabische Sternnamen in Europa*, Wiesbaden, 1959, pp. 230f.
Paul Kunitzsch, "Ṣūfī Latinus", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländische Gesellschaft*, 115, 1965, pp. 65–74.
Paul Kunitzsch, "Al-Ṣūfī" in: Dictionary of Scientific Biography*, XIII, New York, 1976, pp. 149–50.

  • J. Upton, "A Manuscript of “The Book of the Fixed Stars” by ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī", Metropolitan Museum Studies, 4, 1933, pp. 179–97.

E. Wellesz, An Islamic Book of Constellations*, Oxford, 1965.
H. J. J. Winter, "Notes on al-Kitab Suwar Al-Kawakib", Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences*, 8, 1955, pp. 126–33.

外部連結
[http://bodley30.bodley.ox.ac.uk:8180/luna/servlet/view/all/what/MS.%20Marsh%20144;jsessionid=CDD3E185D7A7CB373D8A9F3E41DE347B?pgs=50&res=1&cic=ODLodl~23~23&sort=Shelfmark%2Csort_order Bodleian copy of Suwar al-Kawakib al-Thabitah (Book of fixed Stars*)]
*[http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Bios/alsufi.html Biography of Al Sufi]
[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2484/ Copy (dated c. 1730) of al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed Stars*]
*[http://www.atlascoelestis.com/ulug%201436%20Pagina.htm Ulugh Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com]
*[http://www.atlascoelestis.com/Sufi%201730%20Pagina.htm Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 in www.atlascoelestis.com]
*[http://www.atlascoelestis.com/alsufi%20pagina.htm Pergamenthandschrift M II 141 in www.atlascoelestis.com]
*[http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=232 A page about Muslim Astronomers]
*[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/alsufi.htm Al-Sufi's constellations]
[http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/alsufi/alsufi.htm Al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography] - includes a detailed bibliography and a list of all known manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Fixed Stars*.
[http://warfare.fik4.com/13/BL-Or.5323-1260-80AD.htm Illustrations from Book of Fixed Stars* (Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita) by ‛Abd al-Rahman ibn ‛Umar al-Ṣūfī.]
[http://www.atlascoelestis.com/Zagrebelsky/Tesi%20inglese%20al%20sufi%201367524_1.pdf Moya Carey, Painting the Stars in a Century of Change: A thirteenth-century copy of al-Sufi's "Treatise on the Fixed Stars" - British Library Or.5323*]

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