福鈞

罗伯特·福鈞（又译作罗伯特·福琼；；），蘇格蘭植物学家，受雇于东印度公司，他曾在中國偷走了茶植株。

福鈞出生於贝里克郡。最早受雇於愛丁堡皇家植物園，稍後轉至英國皇家園藝學會在奇西克的植物園，因1842年南京條約他被派至中國從事植物採集。

由於其旅程，導致歐洲引進許多漂亮花卉，但是在稍後擔任大不列顛東印度公司在中國的三年採集行程，他剃頭偽裝成中國人，偷偷引進了2萬株茶樹至印度的大吉嶺。由於他個人的努力，在印度及錫蘭引進的茶工業，結束了一直為中國茶壟斷的茶市場。他是歐洲人裡第一位發現不同茶種，如紅茶、綠茶其實是由同一種茶依據有無發酵工序所製成的不同種類。

他後來也曾造訪日本，並描述養蠶及種稻。他引進多種樹木花卉至西方世界，包括金柑、a climbing double yellow rose ('Fortune's Double Yellow' (syn. Gold of Ophir),在英國栽培失敗) 及其他多種植物之不同品種，如芍藥、映山红及菊花。1850年他所帶回的大花白木香，被認為是Rosa laevigata及R. banksiae的自然雜交種，學名被冠上福鈞以資紀念。這種薔薇在英國亦無法栽培，但卻成為澳洲及美國南部重要的。

以福鈞命名的植物
*Arundinaria fortunei
*Cephalotaxus fortunei
*Cyrtomium fortunei
*Euonymus fortunei
*Hosta fortunei
*Keteleeria fortunei
*Mahonia fortunei

*Maxburretia fortunei
*Osmanthus fortunei
*Paulownia fortunei
*Pleioblastus fortunei
*Rhododendron fortunei
*Rosa fortuniana
*Trachycarpus fortunei

著作

• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54720 Three Years' Wandering in the Northern Provinces of China, A Visit to the Tea, Silk, and Cotton Countries, with an account of the Agriculture and Horticulture of the Chinese, New Plants, etc.] (1847, John Murray)
• [https://archive.org/details/ajourneytoteaco00unkngoog A Journey To The Tea Countries Of China; Including Sung-Lo And The Bohea Hills; With A Short Notice Of The East India Company's Tea Plantations In The Himalaya Mountains.] (1852, John Murray)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170824223135/http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/CTWE/B36598719V1/ Two visits to the tea countries of China and the British tea plantations in the Himalaya]: with a narrative of adventures, and a full description of the culture of the tea plant, the agriculture, horticulture, and botany of China (1853, John Murray; LCCN [https://lccn.loc.gov/04-32957 04-32957]; National Library: CAT10983833)
• [https://archive.org/details/residencechinese00fort A Residence Among the Chinese; Inland, On the Coast and at Sea; being a Narrative of Scenes and Adventures During a Third Visit to China from 1853 to 1856, including Notices of Many Natural Productions and Works of Art, the Culture of Silk, &c.] (1857, John Murray)
• [https://archive.org/details/yedoandpeking00fortgoog Yedo and Peking; A Narrative of a Journey to the Capitals of Japan and China, with Notices of the Natural Productions, Agriculture, Horticulture and Trade of those Countries and Other Things Met with By the Way] (1863, John Murray)

注释
參考文獻
*

莎拉·羅斯（Sarah Rose）《植物獵人的茶盜之旅：改變中英帝國財富版圖的茶葉貿易史》（For All the Tea in China: How England Stole the World’s Favorite Drink and Changed History*）

• [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1159458/The-great-tea-robbery-How-cuppa-wouldnt-exist-amazing-Victorian-hadnt-stolen-secret-Chinas-warlords.html#ixzz2LRGa8WIr How Robert Fortune found out about the secret of Chinese tea around 1840.]

自傳

• For All the Tea in China: How England Stole the World's Favorite Drink and Changed History. By Sarah Rose. Viking: 2010.
• Robert Fortune, A Plant Hunter in the Orient. By Alistair Watt. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 2017.

外部連結

• [http://www.plantexplorers.com/Explorers/Biographies/Fortune/ Plant Explorers: Robert Fortune (1812-80)]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170818095210/http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/toc/?PID=PPN51254302X Dreijährige Wanderungen in den Nord-Provinzen von China] (German)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20180517173746/http://www.magiminiland.org/1800Refs/Fortune.html "Dwarf Trees" from Robert Fortune's Books]