留聲機

，約1899 年]]
與他所發明的早期留聲機]]

留声机、电唱机、唱盘机或唱机（英语Phonograph、Gramophone；自从20世纪40年代多称唱片播放器，英语：Record player；或称唱盘、转盘，Turntable）是一種可以發出唱片所記錄声音的机器。

其聲音儲存在以聲學方法在黑膠唱片平面上刻出的弧形刻槽內。聲音振動波形以雕刻、蝕刻、切割或壓印到旋轉圓柱或盤的表面的溝槽裏，稱為“記錄”。為了重新創造聲音，旋轉表面，使用針頭跟踪凹槽並因此被它振動，可以非常微弱地再現所記錄的聲音。在早期的聲學留聲機中，針頭振動了一個振膜，振膜產生的聲波通過喇叭，或通過聽診器式耳機直接傳播到聽眾的耳朵。

1857年法国发明家斯科特（Scott）发明了声波振记器，并于1857年3月25日取得专利，是最早的原始录音机，是留声机的鼻祖。

1877年美國發明家爱迪生对留声机进行了重大改进。而第一個使用唱片的留聲機於1888年由德裔美國發明家贝利纳首先演示。唱片後來逐漸取代了筒式留聲機，因為唱片能比較方便地大量複製，播放時間也比大多數筒形錄音介質長。

脚注
延伸閲讀

• Bruil, Rudolf A. (January 8, 2004). "[http://www.soundfountain.com/amb/ttrabco.html#INTRO Linear Tonearms] ." Retrieved on July 25, 2011.
• Gelatt, Roland. The Fabulous Phonograph, 1877–1977. Second rev. ed., [being also the] First Collier Books ed., in series, Sounds of the Century. New York: Collier, 1977. 349 p., ill.

Heumann, Michael. "[http://cec.sonus.ca/econtact/14_3/heumann_phonograph.html Metal Machine Music: The Phonograph's Voice and the Transformation of Writing] ." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism* (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.

• Koenigsberg, Allen. The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912. APM Press, 1991.

*

• Various. "[http://cecpublic.pbworks.com/TurntableBibliography Turntable [wiki]: Bibliography]." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
• Weissenbrunner, Karin. "[http://cec.sonus.ca/econtact/14_3/weissenbrunner_history.html Experimental Turntablism: Historical overview of experiments with record players / records — or Scratches from Second-Hand Technology] ." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.

外部链接

• [http://www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/hotairgramophone/hotairgramophone.htm c.1915 Swiss hot-air engined gramophone] at Museum of RetroTechnology
• [http://funexhibits.com/projects/cooperative-phonograph/ Interactive sculpture delivers tactile soundwave experience]
• [http://www.nps.gov/edis/photosmultimedia/very-early-recorded-sound.htm Very early recordings from around the world]
• [http://www.musesmuse.com/recording-art.html The Birth of the Recording Industry]
• [http://www.cylinder.de/ The Cylinder Archive]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190905075931/http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/ Cylinder Preservation & Digitization Project] – Over 6,000 cylinder recordings held by the Department of Special Collections, University of California, Santa Barbara, free for download or streamed online.
• [http://sounds.bl.uk/Browse.aspx?category=Sound-recording-history&collection=Equipment&browseby=Browse+by+type&choice=Cylinder+players Cylinder players held at the British Library] – information and high-quality images.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100220122900/http://www.phonobooks.com/ History of Recorded Sound: Phonographs and Records]
• [http://www.enjoythemusic.com/tablehistory.htm EnjoytheMusic.com] – Excerpts from the book Hi-Fi All-New 1958 Edition
• [http://www.cyberbee.com/edison/cylinder.html Listen to early recordings on the Edison Phonograph]
• [http://www.PhonographsAndGramophones.com Mario Frazzetto's Phonograph and Gramophone Gallery] .
• [http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2006/8/8/1696/98456 Say What?] – Essay on phonograph technology and intellectual property law
• [http://www.vinylengine.com Vinyl Engine] – Information, images, articles and reviews from around the world
• [http://www.theanalogdept.com/ The Analogue Dept] – Information, images and tutorials; strongly focused on Thorens brand
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93Ll2frWOB4 45 rpm player and changer] at work on YouTube
• [http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675030451_phonograph_Thomas-Edison_recording-and-playing-device_Edison-operates-phonograph Historic video footage of Edison operating his original tinfoil phonograph]
• [http://www.enjoythemusic.com/tablehistory.htm Turntable History on Enjoy the Music.com]