圣殿山

圣殿山（，）位于耶路撒冷旧城的宗教圣地。

歷史
圣殿山昔日称为摩利亚山， 是犹太教最神圣的地方。犹太人的耶路撒冷圣殿就位于此处：第一圣殿建于前967年，前586年被摧毁；第二圣殿建于前515年，公元70年被摧毁，遺下西牆作為痕跡。犹太教一般还相信，这里还将是弥赛亚到来时重建第三圣殿的地点。犹太人认为圣殿山就是现在阿克萨清真寺的位置。但是阿拉伯人认为，犹太人的说法「荒谬」，因为犹太人「从来没有提供有效的证据」来证实圣殿山就是现在阿克萨清真寺的位置。以色列建国后，无数的考古证据已证实阿克萨清真寺的地点， 即是所罗门圣殿所在的位置。例如按圣经记载。圣殿山的南面紧贴着大卫城。经过几十年的挖掘和考古研究，大卫城已对外开放，成为以色列的国家公园之一。

伊斯兰教2个重要的宗教圣地位於聖殿山：圆顶清真寺（建于690年）和阿克萨清真寺（建于710年）。

在1948年到1967年约旦统治东耶路撒冷期间，不允许以色列人進入耶路撒冷舊城。此处与整个约旦河西岸在1950年被合并为约旦王国。

1967年六日战爭后，以色列將约旦逐回约旦河东岸並佔領東耶路撒冷；其後以色列与约旦达成协议，兩清真寺仍由约旦管理，四周由以色列军警严密把守，圣殿山自此成為世上最具政治争议性的宗教圣地之一。

政治
File:Jerusalem Modell BW 2.JPG|以色列博物館的第二聖殿模型
File:The west wall and the temple mount.jpg|根据犹太人说法，今日圣殿山，前景的西墙是原第二聖殿的一部分，山上是圆顶清真寺， 阿拉伯人不认同该说法。
File:Hebrew domeEntrance sign.jpg|以色列首席拉比署的希伯來語與英語警告牌，指出因為聖殿山的聖潔，依照猶太教律法妥拉，任何人都禁止進入聖殿山範圍。
File:SWqanatirTempleMount.JPG

参考文献
外部链接

• [http://www.aqsa.org.uk/ Friends of Al-Aqsa] History of the "Temple Mount".
• [http://www.templemount.com/ Temple Mount, Jerusalem] Watercolors from the Temple Mount, Jerusalem, by Kosinski
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216051801/http://www.ariel-sharon-life-story.com/16-Ariel-Sharon-Biography-2000-Visit-to-the-Temple-Mount.shtml 2000 Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount - From Ariel Sharon's Life Story, a biography]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121004035552/http://www.riifs.org/journal/essy_v2no2_grbar.htm The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation] by Oleg Grabar (discussing the history of the name "Haram al-Sharif")
• [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Protection%20of%20Holy%20Places%20Law Protection of Holy Places Law, 1967] (Government of Israel)
• [http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Mount.html The Temple Mount] (from US-Israel.org)
• [http://www.templemount.org The Temple Mount in Jerusalem] (Christian source)
• [http://www.noblesanctuary.com Noble Sanctuary: The Online Guide to Al-Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem]
• [http://www.responsafortoday.com/engsums/1_1.htm Entering the Temple Mount In Our Time, Masorti movement responsa]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070423073222/http://www.igor-schestkow.de/de/fotos/thumbs.php?c=jerusalem Igor Schestkow - Temple Mount - Dome of the Rock] Photos
• [http://www.jerusalemshots.com/cat_en62.html Jerusalem Photos]
• [http://www.isracast.com/Transcripts/060605a_trans.htm Liberation of the Temple Mount and Western Wall by Israel Defense Forces] - Historic Live Broadcast on Voice of Israel Radio, June 7, 1967
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070329101325/http://www.hweb.org.uk/content/view/4/3/ History of the Dome of the Rock]: hWeb
• [http://www.follow-israel.com/search/label/Temple%20Mount Temple Mount in Photos]

; 考古争议

• [http://www.archaeology.org/0003/newsbriefs/flap.html Jerusalem's Temple Mount Flap] (from Archeology magazine)
• [http://www.israel-wat.com/pics2_eng.htm#a2 The Archeological Destruction on the Temple Mount] (from "Israel's War Against Terror")
• [http://www.lastdaysmystery.info/Power%20Point/Temple%20Mount.ppt Temple Mount Powerpoint - large picture file]
• [http://www.har-habayt.org/ The Temple Mount Archaeological Destruction] (with [http://www.har-habayt.org/newp.html photographs] of the construction) from Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount
• [http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp483.htm The Destruction of the Temple Mount Antiquities] (Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051122072253/http://www.isra.org.uk/english/Newsl.html Islamic Research Academy] on archeological damage
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130404081731/http://www.aqsa.org.uk/journals/vol2iss2/archaeological_excavations_in_je.html Friends of Al-Aqsa Journal] (on archaeological damage)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20041225084200/http://www.askelm.com/temple/ Controversy over exact location of the Temples]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116062853/http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Temples.htm The Temples of Jerusalem in Islam] Qur'anic and other references analyzed, by Martin Kramer