抗高血压药(antihypertensive)简称降压药,是能使高的血压下降至正常的药物。
作用机理
*中枢性抗高血压药
*肾上腺素受体阻滞药(β受体阻滞药、α受体阻滞药、α和β受体阻滞药):降低周邊血管阻力、抑制心臟功能、增加容量血管中的靜脈血鬱積(後兩者會降低心輸出)
*影响交感神经递质的药物
*神经节阻滞药
*钙拮抗剂
*周围血管扩张药:使血管平滑肌放鬆,因此降低血管阻力與增加容量
*血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂
*血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞药
*钾离子通道开放剂
*利尿药
*利尿劑:透過排除體內鈉離子與降低血液體積或其他機制來降低血壓
代表药物
*肼屈嗪
*米诺地尔
*硝普钠
参见
*氨氯地平(脈優/Norvasc)
*
參考文獻
*Chobanian AV et al.(2003)"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report." JAMA. 289,2560-72. PMID 12748199
*ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group(2002)"Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)." JAMA. 288,2981-97. PMID 12479763
*Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S and Messerli FH.(2007)"Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis."Am.J.Med. 120, 713-9. PMID 17679131
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