量子心灵(Quantum mind)或量子意识(Quantum consciousness),是一個科學猜想,认为经典物理不能解释意识的产生,而量子力学现象,如量子纠缠和量子叠加,会在大脑的运行中起到关键作用,可能是理解意识的基础。这不是一个单一理论,而是许多不同构想的集合。迄今這類理論依舊是邊緣科學,而實驗證據尚未能证明此說法。
历史
尤金·维格纳提出了量子力学与心灵活动有关的想法。他认为波函数由于与意识的相互作用而坍缩。弗里曼·戴森说:“正如能做出选择的能力所体现的那样,意识在某种程度上来说与每个电子都有内在联系。”
一些其他当代物理学家和哲学家认为这些观点不可信。认为量子意识是“应该与神,独角兽和龙相提并论”的“没有科学依据”的“谬见”。
戴维·查尔莫斯反对量子意识。他反而讨论了量子力学与二元意识的关系。查尔莫斯对任何新物理学解决知觉难题的能力持怀疑态度。从實驗證據来看,生物的脑环境过度温暖潮湿导致不受外界的量子退相干影响的维持时间太短,从而怀疑罗杰·彭罗斯和斯图尔特·哈默罗夫等人的协调客观还原等量子意識理論不太可能成立。
参见
- 量子力学
- 德布罗意-玻姆理论
- 心灵哲学
- 意识的困难问题
- 机械论
- 心智理论
- 量子脑动力学
- 量子神秘主義
- 协调客观还原
参考资料
延伸阅读
- Flanagan, Brian. [http://wordassociation1.net/FieldWork.html Are Perceptual Fields Quantum Fields?]
- Hodgson, David. The Mind Matters. Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Koch, C. and Hepp, K., [https://web.archive.org/web/20120304140520/http://www.klab.caltech.edu/news/koch-hepp-06.pdf "Quantum mechanics in the brain"], Nature 440, 611 (30 March 2006)
- Litt et al., [http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~celiasmi/Papers/litt%20et%20al.2006.quantum%20brain.cogsci.pdf "Is the Brain a Quantum Computer?"] , Cognitive Science (2006)
- Lockwood, Michael. Mind, Brain and the Quantum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1989.
- McFadden, Johnjoe (2000) [http://www.surrey.ac.uk/qe/quantumevolution.htm Quantum Evolution] HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-255948-X; ISBN 0-00-655128-9 . Final chapter on the quantum mind.
- Pharaoh, M.C. (online). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514080923/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/m.pharoah/thinginitself.html Looking to quantum mechanics for a reductive explanation of the noumenon of consciousness] Retrieved June.21 2008.
- Schrödinger, Erwin. Mind and Matter. Cambridge University Press, 1959.
- Weyl, Hermann. Mind and Nature, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934.
- Wigner, Eugene. "Physics and the Explanation of Life", in Foundations of Physics, vol. 1, 1970, pp. 34–45.
外部链接
- [http://consciousness.arizona.edu/ Center for Consciousness Studies] , directed by Stuart Hameroff
- [http://consc.net/online/ Online papers on consciousness]
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-consciousness/ Stanford Univ. Encyclopedia of Philosophy critical survey article Harald Altmanspacher (2006) Quantum Approaches to Consciousness]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090704161738/http://www.fflch.usp.br/df/opessoa/InfoCog-3.pdf "What is an Essentially Quantum Mechanical Effect?", Osvaldo Pessoa Jr.]
*[http://www.quantum-mind.co.uk/ Quantum-Mind]
评论 (0)