巴勒斯坦教育

巴勒斯坦教育指巴勒斯坦國（包括西岸地區及加沙走廊）的教育系统，由巴勒斯坦教育及高等教育部及管理。相对于国际标准，巴勒斯坦的国民入学率已达到较高水平。根据2003年的调查显示，巴勒斯坦有六成的10至24岁人士享有教育优先权。其青少年识字率为92.2%，全国国民总体识字率則为91.1%。2007年，巴勒斯坦的高等教育入學率為46.2％，是世界上最高的國家之一。

教育系统
巴勒斯坦的学校分為男子学校、女子学校及男女校，而教育亦分成三個層級，分別為「基礎義務教育」、「中等教育」及「高等教育」。基礎義務教育指一至十年級，其中的學前教育為一至四年級；中等教育指十一至十二年級，由中學及部分職業學校提供課程；高等教育包含11所大學（1所公立，10所私立）與11所科技學院（4所屬巴勒斯坦官方，2所屬（UNRWA），以及4所公立學校、1所私立學校），提供多為四年制的課程。除此之外，巴勒斯坦有19所社區學院，主要提供為期兩年的科學或商業文憑課程。

巴勒斯坦的第一所難民營學校於1949年成立，由紅十字國際委員會營運；而第一所屬於UNRWA的六年制小學則在1959年開始營運。UNRWA的學校只提供一年級至十年級的課程，不涵蓋中學教育。自1967年起，UNRWA在巴勒斯坦的教育中擔當著重要的角色。

根據巴勒斯坦的政策，即使一至三年級學生表現不佳，也不必留級。而四至十二年級學生的留級條件取決於全學年的平均分，當中每班的留級比率不多於5%。然而，學校不會為留級生提供額外的課程。巴勒斯坦教育的管理體系由22個教育主管組成。當中有16個來自西岸地區，6個來自加沙。除政府經費外，不少捐助國和國際組織也會為巴勒斯坦的教育提供資金。

教育政策
A formal sector plan was not developed until five years after the creation of the MOEHE but this does not mean that planning was ignored until then. A formal five-year plan was first discussed in 1998, and it took more than a year to prepare. UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) provided technical assistance in developing the plan, and the MOEHE set up two working teams; one focused on policy and another worked the details. Five-Year Education Development Plan 2000-2005 had five goals: 1) to provide access to education for all children, 2) to improve the quality of education, 3) to develop formal and non-formal education, 4) to develop management capacity in planning, administration, finance, and 5) to develop human resources across the education system.

Education Development Strategic Plan (EDSP) 2008–2012 has four goals: 1) to increase access of school-aged children and students of all education levels and improve the ability of the education system to retain them (Access), 2) to improve the quality of teaching and learning (Quality), 3) to develop the capacity for planning and management and to improve the financial and management systems used (Management), and 4) to realize a gradual conversion of the higher education sector from a supply-oriented to a demand-oriented sector, which will gradually guarantee more compatibility between higher education outputs and labor market(s) need from qualitatively and quantitatively (Relevance). Goal 1 to 3 is for pre-school, general, non-formal, higher education, and vocational education, and Goal 4 is only for higher education and vocational education.，當地約有898所私立幼稚園，其中只有3所由巴勒斯坦當局運營。雖然大多數的幼稚園為私立，但MOEHE會提供技術、許可證及資金，並協助督導教育及培訓教師

預備階段的總入學率為80.4%，而男童及女童的入學率皆為80.4%。

中等教育
Secondary education consists of two years, and includes an academic and a vocational program. (MOEHE 2005b) Students are able to select either of these programs, but their right to entry is based on successful completion of Grade 10 based on the results of their final assessments當中大部分的院校都是在以色列的佔領下建立和發展的。大多數的大學都是非牟利機構，他們將募捐的款項和巴勒斯坦當局提供的資金一併使用。

在2004/2005學年，高等教育機構共招收了138,139名學生。當中有76,650名學生就讀大學，46,453名學生就讀遠距教學院校，6,034名學生就讀大學學院，以及9,002名學生就讀社區學院。在大學、公開大學和大學院校，男性學生的比例比女性學生高，社區學院的女性比例則較男性高。

The MOEHE has developed a new student loan scheme for tertiary education. The objectives of this loan scheme are: 1) to create a sustainable resource that will assist students into the future, 2) to ensure that students understand their responsibility to share the cost of their education, 3) to provide a strong, streamlined repayment system that is easy and fair (repayments of loans must be collected from all students), and 4) to provide a collection mechanism that will ensure sustainability (a revolving fund)
"Palestinian students wishing to obtain a doctorate must study either in Israel, or overseas."

教育院校与机构
*巴勒斯坦学术网络
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职业技术培训教育(TVET)
Formal vocational education starts after basic education and lasts two years. After graduation, students can join university colleges(diploma in 2 years or Bachelor in 4 years) or colleges(2 years). There are five streams in school-based vocational training: industrial, agricultural, commercial, hotel and home economics. Fifteen secondary industrial schools offer 17 specializations and 2,185 students are enrolled in 2004/05. All but three of these industrial schools are funded by government. Sixty four academic secondary schools offer commercial subjects and nearly 3,000 students are enrolled. The two hotel training schools are private. Total students enrollment for the five streams increased from around 3,000 in 1999/2000 to 5,561 in 2004/05. This is considerably lower than the MOEHE 2000-2005 target (9,000 students enrollment). This is partly because this type of training remains unpopular among most students and parents/guardians. UNRWA學校遵從巴勒斯坦的課程設置，使得UNRWA學生能升讀更高級的課程，或者取得當地認可的資歷。

在1960年代，UNRWA的學校實現全面性別平等。這些學校的教室十分擠迫，環境也比較狹窄，學生與教師共同使用一座建築。然而，需要注意的是，並不是所有難民兒童都在UNRWA學校就讀，部分難民兒童會在約旦或敘利亞就讀當地的政府學校。

UNRWA也營運8所職業和技術培訓中心，以及3所教師培訓學院。

参见
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参考资料
Elias H.Tuma, Haim Darin-Drabkin, The Economic Case for Palestine, Croom Helm, London 1978 p. 48. (respectively, Professor of Economics at Cal-U, Davis, and Director of the Institute for Land Resource Planning, at Tel Aviv and consultant for the UN)

外部链接
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060822004432/http://www.mohe.gov.ps/ Palestinian Ministry of Education]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070701034923/http://www.medea.be/?page=2&lang=en&doc=204 Medea’s information files: Palestinian Universities]
*[http://www.unesco.org/delegates/palestine/un-ede.html UNESCO Palestinian education]