非已然語氣（、縮寫 、非現實式/非實現狀/非實然/未來式）為语气的主要集合體，表明了說話人在說話時某種情況或動作不知道已經發生。與此相反，稱之為已然語氣。
每一種語言都有"非現實式"的語式。西北太平洋地區的原住民語言有多達五個層次的"非現實式"(unreality)。
主要非已然語氣
假設語氣
英語範例: "(如果我愛你...)" / "(我可以愛你嗎)"
假設語氣，有時也被稱為連接語氣(conjunctive mood)，在從屬子句(dependent clause)裡有幾種用法。例子包括討論到假設的或不可能的事件，表達意見或情感，或則表現禮貌的請求(確切的範圍是特定的語言)。一種假設語氣存在於英語，但它往往不是強制性的。例如："(我認為保羅吃一個蘋果)", Paul is not in fact eating an apple.(保羅其實也不是吃一個蘋果)。對比這一句"(保羅吃一個蘋果)"，其中動詞"to eat(吃)"為現在式，直陳語氣(indicative mood)。另一種方式，尤其是在英國英語中，表達了這句可能為 "(我認為保羅應該吃一個蘋果)"”，源於"Paul should eat an apple.(保羅應該吃一個蘋果)。
在英語中虛擬語氣的其他用法，例如"(如果他不能夠獻一隻羊，因而為他的罪他就要獻...)"(钦定版圣经利未記5:7)，已經成為過時的用法。有一些語句比如"(我要確保他立即離開)"通常聽起來過於正式，而且往往已經被直陳語氣結構所取代，諸如"(我會確保[是]他立即離開)"。
條件語氣
英語範例: "I would love you.(我會愛你)"
參見
*條件語氣
註釋
外部連結
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120512100315/http://ilit.umbc.edu/MargePub/MoodandModal.pdf Mood and Modality: Out of theory and into the fray]
From SIL:
- [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDeonticModality.htm deontic modality]
** [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsVolitiveModality.htm volitive modality] : ([http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsImprecativeMood.htm imprecative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsOptativeMood.htm optative mood] )
** [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDirectiveModality.htm directive modality] : ([http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDeliberativeMood.htm deliberative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsImperativeMood.htm imperative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsImmediateImperativeMood.htm immediate imperative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsJussiveMood.htm jussive mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsObligativeMood.htm obligative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPermissiveMood.htm permissive mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPrecativeMood.htm precative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsProhibitiveMood.htm prohibitive mood] )
- [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsEpistemicModality.htm epistemic modality]
** [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsJudgmentModality.htm judgment modality] : ([http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAssumptiveMood.htm assumptive mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDeclarativeMood.htm declarative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDeductiveMood.htm deductive mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDubitativeMood.htm dubitative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsHypotheticalMood.htm hypothetical mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsInterrogativeMood.htm interrogative mood] , [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsSpeculativeMood.htm speculative mood] )
- [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsIrrealisModality.htm irrealis modality] : ([http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsSubjunctiveMood.htm subjunctive mood] )
- [http://www.bcbsr.com/greek/gtense.html Greek tenses]
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