蝾螺科

蝾螺科（）是一個包括有小型到大型海洋腹足纲软体动物的一個科。舊屬原始腹足目，現時蠑螺科是鐘螺目鐘螺總科之下的一個科。

本科在2005年的分類很龐大，包含多個亞科與物種，但這些亞科後來都從蠑螺科獨立出來，組成各自的科與總科，到現在又重聚到鐘螺總科之下。

型態特徵
本科物種的一大特徵，是其鈣質的口蓋，使之與非常近似但有着角質口蓋的鐘螺科物種分辨開來。蠑螺科物種堅固的口蓋成為了牠們的一種被動的防禦構造，得以抵擋捕食者嘗試從其殼口或殼唇進侵其柔軟的身體。

贝壳多呈陀螺形。分布于热带、亚热带、温带的海洋，以热带水域为多，栖息于潮间带到浅海之岩礁区。

分佈及棲息地
按照Williams et al. (2008)，蠑螺科物種由多個支序組成，而且無論在淺水區或深水區皆有其物種棲息。本科物種有很廣闊的分佈範圍，從熱帶到極帶均有分佈，但絕大多數物種都棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶的淺水區。

分類
蠑螺科原為前鰓亞綱原始腹足目蠑螺總科的成員。現時蠑螺總科成為了鐘螺總科的異名。然而，這一個頗為古老的腹足綱群組很可能源於2.98億到2.50億年前的二疊紀。本科物種的型態仍然保有多種的特徵，例如：牠們的螺殼內的珠母層。

2005年分類
根據布歇和羅克魯瓦的腹足類分類，蠑螺科是蠑螺總科的成員，由下列八個亞科組成：

• Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
• 海豚螺亞科 Angariinae ：又名棘冠螺亞科，Delphinulinae 是本亞科的異名。
• 縮口螺亞科 Colloniinae

** tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
** tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
** tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
** tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960

• Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
• † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
• Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990：異名： Prisogastrinae in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)，拼寫錯誤。

*篷螺亞科 Skeneinae ：Delphinoideinae 是本亞科的異名。

• Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

2008年分類
of Cyprus.]]
根據Williams et al. (2008)的研究成果，蠑螺科被重新定義，還被移到鐘螺總科。與此同時，原來蠑螺科之下的海豚螺亞科獲提至科級，成為了鐘螺總科之下的海豚螺科（Angariidae）；而原來蠑螺科的縮口螺亞科在提升至科級成為縮口螺科（Colloniidae）之餘，再與蠑螺總科的雉螺科改為合組新的雉螺總科（Phasianelloidea ）；Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae。這個時候的蠑螺科包括下列五個亞科：

• 蠑螺亞科 Turbininae ：異名有 Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
• Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924 (upgraded to the rank of family Skeneidae)
• Margaritinae ：根據布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)，這個亞科由以下三個族組成。upgraded to the rank of family Margaritidae

** tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.)
** tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990
** tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993

• Tegulinae ：獲提升至科級成為Tegulidae
• Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

下列在2005年分類提及過的亞科都保留了：

• Moellerinae ：但Moelleria這個屬的物種並未有包括在2010年的分子研究裡
• † Moreanellinae

2017年分類
亞倫氏螺屬（Yaronia ）被重新分到縮口螺科去。

以下為本科現時餘下的屬。

屬
*, a deep water turbinid]]
現時本科包括以下各屬：
;不屬於任何亞科：

• Phanerolepida Dall, 1907
• Tropidomarga Powell, 1951

;蠑螺亞科（Turbininae）
*]]

• Astraea
• 星螺屬 Astralium
• Bellastraea
• 擬星螺屬 Bolma
• Cookia
• 刺螺屬 Guildfordia
• Lithopoma
• 珠螺屬 Lunella
• Megastraea
• Modelia
• Pomaulax
• Sarmaturbo †
• 蠑螺屬 Turbo ：模式屬
• Uvanilla

;Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

• Prisogaster  

;異名：

• Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
• Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832
• Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850
• Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
• Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
• Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865
• Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
• Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
• Harisazaea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Imperator Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
• † Incilaster Finlay, 1926: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Livona Gray, 1842: synonym of Cittarium Philippi, 1847
• Lunatica Röding, 1798: synonym of Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
• Macropelmus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Margarita Leach, 1819: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847
• Micrastraea Cotton, 1939: synonym of Bellastraea Iredale, 1924
• Notosetia Iredale, 1915: synonym of Putilla A. Adams, 1867
• Okinawastraea Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• † Oobolma Sacco, 1896 : synonym of *Bolma'' Risso, 1826
• † Ormastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Pachypoma Gray, 1850: synonym of Lithopoma Gray, 1850
• Pagocalcar Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Pyramidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
• Pyramis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
• Rugastella Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Senobolma Okutani, 1964: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Stella P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
• Submargarita Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta Iredale, 1915
• Tharsiella Bush, 1897: synonym of Cirsonella Angas, 1877
• Trochiscus G.B. Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Norrisia Bayle, 1880
• † Tylastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
• Valvatella Gray, 1857: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847

参考文献

• Marshall, B.A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.

*

外部連結

• [http://seashellsofnsw.org.au/Turbinidae/Pages/Turbinidae_intro.htm Seashells of New South Wales : Turbinidae]
• [http://seashellsofnsw.org.au/Skeneidae/Pages/Skeneidae_intro.htm Seashells of New South Wales: Skeneinae]