熊果屬

熊果屬（学名：Arctostaphylos；;arkto 熊 + staphyle 葡萄）是杜鹃花科下的一个属，为灌木或小種樹植物。

熊果屬包括約60個品種，從緊貼地面的北極圈，到海岸、山上不等，皆為其生活圈子。熊果屬一般不高，不會超過六公尺高，而且皆為常綠植物。

物種
According to Philip V. Wells in The Jepson Manual and other sources, there are two subgenera of Arctostaphylos:

• Subgenus Micrococcus

* Sect. Micrococcus*
** Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis* Pygmy Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos myrtifolia* Ione Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos nissenana* Nissenan Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos nummularia* Glossyleaf Manzanita

• Subgenus Arctostaphylos, which has 3 sections:

* Sect. Arctostaphylos*
** Arctostaphylos alpina* Alpine Bearberry
** Arctostaphylos bakeri* Baker's Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos densiflora* Sonoma Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos edmundsii* Little Sur Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos franciscana* Franciscan Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos gabrielensis* San Gabriel Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos glauca* Bigberry Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos hispidula* Gasquet Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos hookeri* Hooker's Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos insularis Island Manzanita]]
** Arctostaphylos klamathensis* Klamath Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos manzanita* Common Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos mewukka* Indian Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos nevadensis* Pinemat Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos parryana* Parry Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos patula* Greenleaf Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos pumila* Sandmat Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos pungens* Pointleaf Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos rudis* Shagbark Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos stanfordiana* Stanford's Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos uva-ursi* Bearberry
** Arctostaphylos viscida* Sticky Manzanita
* Sect. Foliobracteata*
** Arctostaphylos andersonii* Santa Cruz Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos auriculata* Mount Diablo Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos canescens* Hoary Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos catalinae* Santa Catalina Island Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos columbiana* Hairy Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos confertiflora* Santa Rosa Island Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos cruzensis* La Cruz Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos glandulosa* Eastwood Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos glutinosa* Schreiber's Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos hooveri* Hoover's Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos imbricata* San Bruno Mountain Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos luciana* Santa Lucia Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos malloryi* Mallory's Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos montaraensis* Montara Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos montereyensis* Monterey Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos morroensis* Morro Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos nortensis* Del Norte Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos obispoensis* Serpentine Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos osoensis* Oso Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos otayensis* Otay Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos pajaroensis* Pajaro Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos pallida* Pallid Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos pechoensis* Pecho Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos pilosula* La Panzo Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos purissima* La Purissima Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos refugioensis* Refugio Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos regismontana* Kings Mountain Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos silvicola* Bonny Doon Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos tomentosa* Woolyleaf Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos virgata* Bolinas Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos viridissima* Whitehair Manzanita
** Arctostaphylos wellsii* Wells' Manzanita
* Sect. Pictobracteata*
** Arctostaphylos pringlei* Pringle Manzanita

• Unassigned

* Arctostaphylos rainbowensis* Rainbow Manzanita
* Arctostaphylos gabilanensis* Gabilan Manzanita
* Arctostaphylos ohloneana* Ohlone Manzanita
;Synonyms
*Arctostaphylos bicolor is generally considered Xylococcus bicolor
*Arctostaphylos crustacea is generally considered Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. crustacea

See also the closely related genus Comarostaphylis, previously often included in Arctostaphylos.

種植
由於熊果屬植物很容易受到由真菌引起的疾病影響，本屬植物的種植比較困難，通常都只能在多鹽及鹼土上才比較可行。在天氣炎熱時，應避免把水從頭直接淋灑。

参考文献

• James C. Hickman. 1993. The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. .
• C. Michael Hogan. 2012. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Arctostaphylos Arctostaphylos] . Eds. M.McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.
• [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Arctostaphylos Treatment from the Jepson Manual]
• Philip V. Wells. 2000. Manzanitas of California, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas. .
• Philip V. Wells. 1992. Subgenera and sections of Arctostaphylos. The Four Seasons 9: 64-69.