紐約徵兵暴動(New York City draft riots)發生於1863年南北戰爭期間。7月13日,不滿徵兵制的許多美國紐約愛爾蘭裔工人,集體攻擊北方政府的徵兵機構,主要理由是徵兵制度中,富人繳交300美金免於當兵之理由。另外,暴動主因也是大量解放後的黑人搶奪勞工市場。該暴動後來演變攻擊黑人商店的大型暴動,期間約持續4天,才被軍警鎮壓。
起因
1861年4月,美國爆發內戰,很快地約有10-25萬紐約人在聯合廣場集結。亞伯拉罕·林肯欲征召一支達7萬5千人的志願軍,為聯邦作戰。在首十天內,纽约市共有8000人報名。,例如紐約州州長霍拉肖·西摩(Horatio Seymour)反對該戰爭。
戰爭期間,聯邦軍出現了人手不足問題。1863年3月3日,美國國會通過了第一項徵兵行動,授權總統能夠徵召18-35歲的公民参軍,每一服役階段期限為3年。這行動使同情南軍的人感到恐懼,因為這會壯大北軍的實力,加上當時傳出繳交300美金能免於服役,這令低收入的人民不滿。同年7月11日,紐約市點名入伍一開始,大批白人湧上街頭,攻打徵兵總部,燒毀房屋,正式揭開暴動的序幕。,估計2000人受傷,損失約一百萬美元,五十幢建築物被燒毀。歷史學家撒母耳·摩禮遜(Samuel Morison)寫道,認為該暴動是邦聯軍的勝利
參考資料
參考文獻
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- Headley, Joel Tyler (1873). [https://archive.org/details/greatriotsnewyo00headgoog/page/n248 The Great Riots of New York, 1712 to 1863 – including and full and complete account of the Four Days' Draft Riot of 1863.] E.B. Treat (publisher), stereotyped at the Women's Printing House
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延伸閲讀
- Dupree, A. Hunter and Leslie H. Fishel, Jr. "An Eyewitness Account of the New York Draft Riots, July, 1863", Mississippi Valley Historical Review vol. 47, no. 3 (December 1960), pp. 472–79. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1888878 In JSTOR]
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- New York Evangelist (1830–1902); July 23, 1863; pp. 30, 33; APS Online, pg. 4.
相關影視
*纽约黑帮
參見
*南北戰爭
*美國內亂事件一覽表
外部連結
- [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/lcrbmrp.t2207 Report of the Committee of merchants for the relief of colored people, suffering from the late riots in the city of New York. New York: G. A. Whitehorne, 1863], African American Pamphlet Collection, Library of Congress.
- [http://www.nydivided.org/VirtualExhibit New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War Online Exhibit] , New York Historical Society, (November 17, 2006 – September 3, 2007, physical exhibit)
- [http://www.civilwarhome.com/draftriots.htm "New York Draft Riots"] , 2002, source Civil War Society's Civil War Encyclopedia, Civil War Home website
- [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1863/august/draft-riots.htm "New York Draft Riots"] , First Edition Harper's News Report, sonofthesouth.net
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20081206033230/http://www.mrlincolnandnewyork.org/inside.asp?ID=91&subjectID=4 "1863 New York City Draft Riots"], mrlincolnandnewyork.org
- [http://zinnedproject.org/posts/1150 Bill Bigelow, "The Draft Riot Mystery"] , 9-page lesson plan for High School Students, 2012, Zinn Education Project/Teaching for Change
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