**
公共安全与秩序保卫部()通称“保卫部”(),在现代来源当中又常被称为“暗探局”(,音譯奧赫兰卡),是俄罗斯帝国的秘密警察。在19世纪为内务部警察部门的一部分,并由特别宪兵队协助。
历史
1866年在圣彼得堡创建。
1880年8月6日在内务部之下创建警察部,宪兵首席兼任部长,宪兵司令兼任副部长。1881年内务部下设了特别会议,有权在地方宣布紧急状态。1898年,警察部下设的特别部取代宪兵成为内外情报的综合部门。
参见
*契卡
備註
参考文献
- Jonathan Daly, [http://www.niupress.niu.edu/niupress/scripts/book/bookResults.asp?ID=46 Autocracy under Siege: Security Police and Opposition in Russia, 1866–1905] (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1998).
- Jonathan Daly, [http://www.niupress.niu.edu/niupress/scripts/book/bookResults.asp?ID=219 The Watchful State: Security Police and Opposition in Russia, 1906–1917] (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004).
- Catherine Evtuhov, Stephen Kotkin; The Cultural Gradient: the transmission of ideas in Europe, 1789–1991; Rowman & Littlefield, 2003
- Charles A. Ruud, Sergei A. Stepanov; Fontanka 16: The Tsars' Secret Police; McGill-Queen's University Press (paperback, 2002)
- [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/okhrana-the-paris-operations-of-the-russian-imperial-police/art1.pdf Paris Okhrana 1885–1905] CIA historical review program (Approved for release 22 September 1993)
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