蘇利南語

蘇利南語(Sranan Tongo 或 Surinaams、Surinamese)是一种主要分布在南美洲北部國家蘇利南、以英语與荷蘭語為基礎的克里奥尔语,在當地約有30萬使用人口,主要分佈於該國首都巴拉馬利波與沿海地帶。由於當地的荷蘭語、爪哇語、印度斯坦語與中文社群大都也同時會使用此語言,因此蘇利南語也經常被當作跨社群的通用語,作為主要的溝通工具。除了口語使用外,蘇利南語也可以文字記載,與其起源基礎英語與荷語一樣,是以羅馬字母作為拼寫工具。

除了蘇利南外,包括阿魯巴、荷蘭加勒比區、荷屬聖馬丁等鄰近蘇利南的島嶼地區,乃至於荷蘭本土也都有一些使用蘇利南語的人口。

註釋
參考文獻
Iwan Desiré Menke: Een grammatica van het Surinaams (Sranantongo)*, Munstergeleen : Menke, 1986, 1992 (Dutch book on grammar of Sranan Tongo)
Jan Voorhoeve and Ursy M. Lichtveld: Creole Drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Suriname*. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
C.F.A. Bruijning and J. Voorhoeve (editors): Encyclopedie van Suriname*. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Elsevier, 1977, pp. 573–574.
Eithne B. Carlin and Jacques Arends (editors): Atlas of the Languages of Suriname*. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002.
Michaël Ietswaart and Vinije Haabo: Sranantongo. Surinaams voor reizigers en thuisblijvers*. Amsterdam: Mets & Schilt (several editions since 1999)
*J.C.M. Blanker and J. Dubbeldam: "Prisma Woordenboek Sranantongo". Utrecht: Uitgeverij Het Spectrum B.V., 2005, , [http://www.prismawoordenboeken.nl www.prismawoordenboeken.nl] - A Sranantongo to Dutch and Dutch to Sranantongo dictionary.
Henri J.M. Stephen: Sranan odo : adyersitori - spreekwoorden en gezegden uit Suriname*. Amsterdam, Stephen, 2003, (collection of proverbs and expressions)
Michiel van Kempen and Gerard Sonnemans: Een geschiedenis van de Surinaamse literatuur*. Breda : De Geus, 2003, (Dutch history of Surinam literature)

外部連結

  • Dictionaries

** [http://www.sil.org/americas/suriname/sranan/National/SrananNLDictIndex.html SIL International “Sranan wortubuku, Sranan-Nederlands interaktief woordenboek” (Sranan-Dutch interactive dictionary)]
** [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Sranan_Swadesh_list Sranan Tongo Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words] (from Wiktionary's [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists Swadesh list appendix] )
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20051129200555/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Sranan-english/ Webster's Sranan-English Online Dictionary]
** [http://www.suriname-languages.sil.org/Sranan/STEng.pdf SIL International “Sranan Tongo – English Dictionary”] (PDF format)

  • Grammar

** [http://www.verbix.com/languages/sranantongo.shtml Conjugate Sranantongo verbs (Verbix)]

  • Resources and more

** [http://www.sil.org/americas/suriname/sranan/English/SrananEngLLIndex.html "Sranan Tongo Interactive Library": Sranan texts with a bilingual interactive dictionary]
** [http://www.uni-siegen.de/~engspra/Papers/Creole/braun-plag.pdf How Transparent is Creole Morphology? A Study of Early Sranan Word Formation (30 p., Braun & Plag, 2002)] (PDF format)
** [https://dbnl.org/tekst/aren012synt01_01/aren012synt01_01.pdf Syntactic Developments in Sranan (408 p., Arends, 1989)] (PDF format)

  • Begin to learn

** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmVFzVUAr88 Words of Life: Sranang Tongo talk (audio)] (YouTube)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mkbB2F4KVE “Mama Sranan” - Mother Suriname*, a song in Sranantongo (with subtitled translation) by Steven Akkrum & Da Originals] (YouTube)

评论 (0)

  • 还没有评论,来抢沙发吧。