巧茶(学名:')为卫矛科巧茶属的植物,又名阿比西尼亞茶(Abyssinian tea)、埃塞俄比亞茶(Ethiopian tea)、索馬里茶(Somali tea)、阿拉伯茶(Arabian tea)、也門茶、布希曼茶(Bushman's tea)、迷拉(miraa)、東非罌粟,或音譯作卡塔葉、卡特草、加德树(khat/qat)或恰特草**(chat),分布在热带非洲、埃塞俄比亚、阿拉伯半岛以及中国大陆的海南、广西等地。東非常青灌木,葉含興奮物質卡西酮傳統上巧茶是一種社交用的藥物,現今也門人仍然把家中最好的房間闢為巧茶室,在那兒和親朋好友社交聚會。咀嚼巧茶使人感到思維清晰、精力充沛,覺得世界上沒有辦不到的事情。藥力退卻之後,咀嚼者多感沮喪,邏輯混亂,什麼也不想做。專家指出,長期咀嚼巧茶,可能造成厭食,甚至引發心血管疾病。世界衛生組織d 安娜穆瓦西說:「有高血壓的人,該停止用巧茶。」
恰特草雖然有提振精神的作用,但長期嚼食會使人厭食,導致營養不良,降低人體免疫力,從而容易感染各種疾病。由於恰特草的價格非常高,埃塞俄比亞很多農民放棄種植糧食,改種恰特草。
化學結構
File:Cathinone-3d-CPK.png|卡西酮3D結構
File:Cathinone structure.svg|卡西酮
File:Cathine-3d-CPK.png|去甲偽麻黃鹼3D結構
File:Pseudonorephedrine.png|去甲偽麻黃鹼
File:Phenylpropanolamine.png|去甲麻黃鹼
File:Amphetamine-3d-CPK.png|苯丙胺(安非他命)3D結構
File:Amphetamine-2D-skeletal.svg|苯丙胺(安非他命)
File:Epinephrine-3d-CPK.png|腎上腺素3D結構
File:Adrenaline_chemical_structure.png|腎上腺素
參考文獻
来源
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071020111031/http://www.frshgat.com/ KHAT PACKS]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312081951/http://www.gatari.co.il/en/site/index.asp?proID=18 LemonGAT Shake]
- 中國高等植物信息門戶網站 [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124339/http://spt.kib.ac.cn/html/Botany/FullBotany.php?BotanyID=6986 https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124339/http://spt.kib.ac.cn/html/Botany/FullBotany.php?BotanyID=6986]
- 李漢平:《嚼恰特草,上癮 專家指出:長期嚼食,有損健康》 [http://www.snweb.com/gb/gnd/2003/0826/x0826003.htm http://www.snweb.com/gb/gnd/2003/0826/x0826003.htm] 2003年8月26日*
- Gatter, Peer (2012): Politics of Qat - The Role of a Drug in Ruling Yemen. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, 862 pages. ISBN 978-3-89500-910-5. [http://www.qat-yemen.com/ Link to the table of contents and to selected chapters.] *
*
- "Somali Islamists are gone – so "khat" is back!", Reuters, 2 January 2007
- Dale Pendell, Pharmakodynamis: Stimulating Plants, Potions and Herbcraft: Excitantia and Empathogenica, San Francisco: Mercury House, 2002.
外部連結
- [http://www.qat-yemen.com/ Politics of Qat – The Role of a Drug in Ruling Yemen (by Peer Gatter. With a literature list on Khat/Qat)]
*[http://www.haaretz.com/culture/food-wine/the-stimulant-that-migrated-from-yemen-to-the-heart-of-tel-aviv-s-nightlife-scene.premium-1.432044 Haaretz.com: About the Gat Juice Trend in Israel]
*[http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/05/30/21911/gat-the-middle-easts-bad-habit/ The Gat Addiction in Israel Via Yemen]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/africa_growing_khat/html/1.stm BBC News: In pictures... growing khat]
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