茶年 · 中文维基百科

畢克斯·拜德貝克

Wikipedia · 2026-07-17 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

畢克斯·拜德貝克（，），又譯畢德貝克、貝德貝克，全名里昂·俾斯麥·拜德貝克（Leon Bismark Beiderbecke），美國爵士短號手、爵士鋼琴家和作曲家。

他和路易斯·阿姆斯壯是1920年代樂壇上，數一數二、最具影響力的爵士獨奏家。他的作品中，尤以〈Singin' the Blues〉（1927年）和〈I'm Coming, Virginia〉（1927年）最為眾所讚嘆，淋漓盡致地展現了他異常純粹的音色和即興天分。也由於這二首樂曲，他協助創立了爵士謠曲風格，進而促成1950年代冷爵士樂的興起。他為數極少的鋼琴樂曲作品中，唯一留下錄音記錄的〈In a Mist〉（1927年）則開創性的融合古典元素與爵士切分音風格。拜德貝克啟發了眾多爵士後輩，如平·克勞斯貝，也經由間接影響了萊斯特·楊。
拜德貝克最具影響力的錄音作品出自他與戈爾德凱特(Goldkette)和懷特曼(Whiteman)合作時期，儘管他也曾以自己的名字以及特朗鮑爾的名義錄製唱片。在懷特曼時期，由於酗酒加劇，他的健康狀況急劇惡化。在懷特曼和貝德貝克家人的支持下，他前往戒酒中心接受治療，但未能阻止大葉性肺炎的病情惡化。 1929年，他離開了懷特曼樂隊，並於1931年夏天在紐約的公寓中去世，年僅28歲。

他的去世反過來又催生了爵士樂史上最古老的傳奇之一。在雜誌文章、音樂家回憶錄、小說和好萊塢電影中，貝德貝克被塑造成一位浪漫主義英雄，即《吹號青年》（這部小說後來被改編成電影，由柯克·道格拉斯、勞倫·白考爾、多麗絲·黛和他的朋友霍奇·卡邁克爾主演）。他的一生經常被描繪成一位為了商業利益而不得不妥協藝術的爵士音樂家。關於貝德貝克的全名、死因以及他對爵士樂的貢獻的重要性，學術界至今仍有爭議。

註釋
參考文獻

  • Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130329071138/http://www.redhotjazz.com/goldo.html "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101113041113/http://www.redhotjazz.com/ The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930]. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120105004806/http://www.redhotjazz.com/pwo.html "Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101113041113/http://www.redhotjazz.com/ The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930]. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Armstrong, Louis. Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans. New York: Da Capo, 1954, 1986. ISBN 0-306-80276-7.
  • Baker, Dorothy. Young Man with a Horn. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.
  • Berton, Ralph. Remembering Bix: A Memoir of the Jazz Age. New York: Da Capo, 1974, 2000. ISBN 0-306-80937-0.
  • [http://www.nndb.com/honors/035/000045897/ "Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame"] . [http://www.nndb.com/ NNDB] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • [http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/73/year/1991.html "Bix"] . [http://www.festival-cannes.com/en.html Festival de Cannes] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • [http://www.network54.com/Forum/27140/ The Bixography Discussion Group] . Albert Haim, owner and moderator. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Blumenthal, Bob. "The Birth of Modern Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 87–111. ISBN 0-688-18074-9.
  • Brooks, Michael. "The Flourishing of Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 25–51. ISBN 0-688-18074-9.
  • Brothers, Thomas. Louis Armstrong's New Orleans. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. ISBN 0-393-33001-X.
  • Carmichael, Hoagy. The Stardust Road & Sometimes I Wonder: The Autobiography of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Da Capo, 1946, 1965, 1999. ISBN 0-306-80899-4.
  • Condon, Eddie, with Thomas Sugrue. We Called It Music: A Generation of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1947, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80466-2.
  • Dodds, Baby. The Baby Dodds Story, as Told to Larry Gara. Alma, Miss.: Rebeats Publications, 1959, 2003. ISBN 1-888408-08-1.
  • DownBeat Critics (August 31, 1962). [http://www.downbeat.com/default.asp?sect=stories&subsect=story_detail&sid=688 "1962 DownBeat Critics Poll"] . [http://www.downbeat.com/default.asp DownBeat] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Evans, Philip R. and Linda K. Evans. Bix: The Leon Bix Beiderbecke Story. Bakersfield, Calif.: Prelike Press, 1998. ISBN 0-9665448-0-3.
  • Fairweather, Digby. "Bix Beiderbecke." In The Oxford Companion to Jazz. Bill Kirchner, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 122–131. ISBN 0-19-512510-X.
  • Feather, Leonard, and Ira Gitler, eds. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-507418-5.
  • Ferguson, Otis. "Young Man with a Horn" (1936) and "Young Man with a Horn Again" (1940) in The Otis Ferguson Reader (Dorothy Wilson and Robert Chamberlain, eds.). New York: Da Capo, 1982, 1997. ISBN 0-306-80744-0.
  • Gioia, Ted. The Birth (And Death) of the Cool. Golden, Colo.: Speck Press, 2009. ISBN 1-933108-31-2.
  • Gioia, Ted. The History of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-512653-X.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101224205742/http://www2.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Hall_Of_Fame/ "Grammy Hall of Fame Award: Past Recipients"]. [http://www.grammy.com/ Grammy.com]. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Gray, Frank (April 30, 2005). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/apr/30/popandrock1/ "Solo in Sunnyside: Frank Gray travels through Queens, New York, in search of the late Bix Beiderbecke"] . [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ The Guardian] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Green, Benny. The Reluctant Art: Five Studies in the Growth of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1962, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80441-7.
  • Hadlock, Richard. Jazz Masters of the Twenties. New York: Collier Books, 1965, 1974.
  • Haim, Albert (January 7, 2001). [http://www.network54.com/Forum/27140/message/978897881/The+Available+Documentation/ "The Available Documentation"] . [http://www.network54.com/Forum/27140/ The Bixography Discussion Group] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • [http://www.pitt.edu/~pittjazz/academy.html "International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame"] . [http://www.pitt.edu/~pittjazz/index.html Jazz at Pitt] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • [http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/IA/Scott/state.html "Iowa: Scott County"] . [http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ National Register of Historic Places] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Jacobsen, Bob. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120303194202/http://www.starrgennett.org/stories/profiles/bix_beiderbecke.htm "Bix Beiderbecke"]. [http://www.starrgennett.org/ Starr Gennett Foundation Inc.]. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • James, Burnett. Bix Beiderbecke. London: Cassell, 1959.
  • [http://www.jalc.org/halloffame/ "Jazz at Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame"] . [http://www.jalc.org/ Jazz at Lincoln Center] . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Johnson, Rich and Jim Arpy and Gerri Bowers. Bix: The Davenport Album. Barnegat, N.J.: Razor Edge, 2009. ISBN 0-9774018-5-5.
  • Kennedy, Richard Lee. Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-253-21315-0.
  • Kenney, William Howland. Jazz on the River. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ISBN 0-226-43733-7.
  • Lion, Jean Pierre. Bix: The Definitive Biography of a Jazz Legend. New York: Continuum, 2005. ISBN 0-8264-2754-5.
  • Mezzrow, Mezz and Bernard Wolfe. Really the Blues. New York: Citadel, 1946, 1998. ISBN 0-8065-1205-9.
  • Perhonis, John Paul. The Bix Beiderbecke Story: The Jazz Musician in Legend, Fiction, and Fact; A Study of the Images of Jazz in the National Culture 1930–the Present. Unpublished dissertation, University of Minnesota, March 1978.
  • Rayno, Don. Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, 1890–1930; Vol. I. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8108-4579-2.
  • Shapiro, Nat and Nat Hentoff, eds. Hear Me Talkin' to Ya: The Story of Jazz as Told by the Men Who Made It. New York: Dover, 1966. ISBN 0-486-21726-4.
  • Spencer, Frederick J., M.D. Jazz and Death: Medical Profiles of Jazz Greats. Oxford, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, 2002. ISBN 1-57806-453-8.
  • Sudhalter, Richard M. Lost Chords: White Musicians and Their Contribution to Jazz, 1915–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-514838-X.
  • Sudhalter, Richard M. Stardust Melody: The Life and Music of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-516898-4.
  • Sudhalter, Richard M. and Philip R. Evans with William Dean-Myatt. Bix: Man and Legend. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1974. ISBN 0-02-872500-X.
  • [http://www.jazz.com/encyclopedia/sudhalter-richard-m-merrill/ "Sudhalter, Richard M. (Merrill)"] . [http://www.jazz.com/encyclopedia/ Jazz.com Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians] . Lewis Porter, Tim Wilkins, and Ted Gioia, eds. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  • Teachout, Terry. "Homage to Bix," Commentary, September 2005, pp. 65–68.
  • Teachout, Terry. Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009. ISBN 0-15-101089-7.
  • Turner, Frederick. 1929. New York: Counterpoint, 2003. ISBN 1-58243-265-1.
  • Wald, Elijah. How the Beatles Destroyed Rock 'n' Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 0-19-534154-6.
  • Ward, Geoffrey C. Jazz: A History of America's Music. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. ISBN 0-679-44551-X.
  • Williams, Martin. The Jazz Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, 1993. ISBN 0-19-507816-0.

外部連結

#德國裔美國人 #罹患肺炎逝世者 #美國爵士作曲家 #美國爵士鋼琴家 #達文波特人 #酒精相關死因 #美國爵士短號手 #美國爵士小號手 #迪克西蘭短號手 #迪克西蘭鋼琴家 #迪克西蘭小號手 #湖林學院校友 #愛荷華州音樂家 #搖擺樂短號手 #搖擺樂鋼琴家 #搖擺樂小號手

评论 (0)

  • 还没有评论，来抢沙发吧。