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莱佛士猪笼草

Wikipedia · 2024-05-14 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

莱佛士猪笼草（学名：**'）得名于斯坦福·莱佛士。其分布极为广泛，包括婆罗洲、苏门答腊、西马来西亚和新加坡。已描述的莱佛士猪笼草的变型和变种是猪笼草属中最多的。仅在婆罗洲就至少有3种不同的变种。莱佛士猪笼草的巨型变型的捕虫笼大小可与马来王猪笼草相媲美。

植物学史
1819年，威廉·杰克博士发现了莱佛士猪笼。并在《柯蒂斯植物学杂志》上刊登了威廉·杰克博士从新加坡寄来的信，他这样写道：{{refn|name=P&L1|group="注"|威廉·杰克博士刊登于《柯蒂斯植物学杂志》上信件的原文：

在那时，莱佛士猪笼草是当时所知的猪笼草属中体型最大的物种。1850年的《园丁与农夫杂志》中，对莱佛士猪笼草进行了这样的描述：{{refn|name=P&L2|group="注"|1850年的《园丁与农夫杂志》中对莱佛士猪笼草描述的原文：其也分布于周围一些小型岛屿，包括邦加島、纳闽岛、大納土納島及林加群島。

莱佛士猪笼草一般生长于开阔的砂质潮湿地区中。也曾在巽他荒原森林、次生林、泥炭沼泽森林边缘、石楠林和海边的悬崖发现过莱佛士猪笼草。其海拔分布范围为0至1200米

种下类群
由于莱佛士猪笼草分布广泛，所以莱佛士猪笼草的捕虫笼无论是在形状或颜色方面都存在很大差异。以下为已被描述的莱佛士猪笼草种下类群。其中大部分在现在已被认为是非正式的。原被非正式描述为长莱佛士猪笼草的类群在2011年被描述为巴兰猪笼草，现被置于赫姆斯利猪笼草下。

{{multiple image
| footer = 左、中：赫姆斯利猪笼草的下位笼和上位笼，原被称为长莱佛士猪笼草。
右：莱佛士猪笼草卓越变种的大型下位笼的插图，其具深紫色条纹
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. elongata Hort.Kew ex Dyer (1897) nom.nud. [=N. hemsleyana]
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. hookeriana (auct. non Low: Hort.Veitch ex Mast.) Becc. (1886) [=N. × hookeriana]
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. insignis Mast. (1882)
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. longicirrhosa Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986) nom.nud. [=N. longifolia]
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. minor Becc. (1886)
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. nigropurpureaMast. (1882)
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. nivea Hook.f. (1873)nom.nud.
*Nepenthes rafflesiana var. subglandulosa J.H.Adam & Hafiza (2006)[=N. hemsleyana][=N. hemsleyana]该变型典型的原生地茂密的石楠森林，特别是植被边缘的地区。
*N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana [=N. × hookeriana]
? (N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × hookeriana × N. mirabilis*]
*N. gracilis × N. rafflesiana
*N. hemsleyana × N. rafflesiana
*N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana（包括N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana）

Image:N.hookerianaWhite3.jpg|N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana
Image:Nepenthes hookeriana upper.jpg|N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana
File:Nepenthes gracilis x Nepenthes rafflesiana.jpg|N. gracilis × N. rafflesiana
Image:Nepenthes hybrid borneo.jpg|N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana
Image:Nepenthes rafflesiana hybrid.jpg|N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana
File:Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma x N. rafflesiana.jpg|N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana

注释
参考文献

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*

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