海菊蛤屬

海菊蛤（），又稱海菊貝、紅螺、車蠔，是海扇蛤目的其中一科（海菊蛤科；），以及此科下唯一的屬（海菊蛤屬；）。海菊蛤的外觀與牡蠣科相似，但其外殼帶有紅色。其殼內之肉可供食用，中國的西沙海域盛產的紅螺，特別鮮味。
海菊蛤物種的型態及分佈範圍差異頗大，但牠們其實與扇貝屬於同一個總科。與牡蠣科物種黏合在岩石上不同，海菊蛤都以足絲來固定。

物種
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採集的貓舌海菊蛤 Spondylus linguaefelis ]]

• 棘刺海菊蛤 Spondylus aculeatus Schröter, 1788

*S. americanus Hermann, 1781 — Atlantic thorny oyster

• 无棘海菊蛤 Spondylus anacanthus Mawe, 1823 — nude thorny oyster
• 橘色海菊蛤 Spondylus aurantius Lamarck, 1819
• 须毛海菊蛤 Spondylus barbatus Reeve, 1856
• 巴氏海菊蛤 Spondylus butleri Reeve, 1856

*S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857

• 洁海菊蛤 Spondylus candidus Lamarck,1819
• 白海菊蛤 Spondylus castus Reeve, 1856

*S. clarksoni Limpus, 1992
*S. crassisquama Lamarck, 1819 (S. princeps Broderip, 1833) — Pacific thorny oyster

• 血色海菊蛤 Spondylus cruentus Lischke, 1868

*S. cumingii Sowerby, 1847
*S. dutempleanus Linnaeus, 1758
*S. echinatus Schreibers, 1793

• 怒发海菊蛤 Spondylus erectospinus Habe,1973
• 直棘海菊蛤 Spondylus erectospinosus Habe, 1973

*S. erinaceus Reeve, 1856

• 异棘海菊蛤 Spondylus gaederopus Linnaeus, 1758 — European thorny oyster

*S. gilvus Reeve, 1856
*S. groschi Lamprell & Kilburn, 1995

• 古氏海菊蛤 Spondylus gussoni (O. G Costa, 1829)

*S. hawaiiensis Dall, Bartsch and Rehder, 1938

• 亥氏海菊蛤 Spondylus heidkeae Lamprell & Healy, 2001

*S. hystrix Röding, 1798
*S. ictericus Reeve, 1856
*S. imbutus Reeve, 1856

• 堂皇海菊蛤 Spondylus imperialis Chenu, 1843

*S. japonicus Kur — Japanese spiny oyster
*S. lamarcki Chenu, 1845
*S. layardi Reeve, 1856
貓舌海菊蛤 S. linguaefelis*
*S. longitudinalis Lamarck, 1819
*S. marisrubri Röding, 1798
*S. microlepos Lamarck, 1819

• 多棘海菊蛤 Spondylus multimuricatus Reeve, 1856

*S. multisetosus Reeve, 1856

• 尼科巴海菊蛤 Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793

*S. occidens Sowerby, 1903
*S. plurispinosus Reeve, 1856
*S. powelli Smith, 1892
*S. pratii Parth, 1990
猩猩海菊蛤 Spondylus regius* Linnaeus, 1758，莺王海菊蛤
*S. sanguineus Dunker, 1852
*S. senegalensis Schreibers, 1793
*S. setiger Reeve, 1846

• 中华海菊蛤 Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793

*S. smythaea Lamprell, 1998
*S. somalicus M. Parth & R. Philippe, 1992

• 奇海菊蛤 Spondylus spectrum Reeve, 1856
• 厚壳海菊蛤 Spondylus squamosus Schreibers, 1793

*S. tenellus Reeve, 1856

• 藍巨海菊蛤 S. varius Sowerby,1829

*S. variegatus Schreibers, 1793

• 金黄海菊蛤 Spondylus versicolor Schreibers, 1793

*S. vexillum Reeve, 1856

• 瑞氏海菊蛤 Spondylus wrightianus Crosse, 1872 — Wright's thorny oyster

*S. zonalis Lamarck, 1819
edges of a live thorny oyster from East Timor: The eyes can be seen on the fringe between the mantle and the shell.]]

參考資料
外部連結
發現的上新世異棘海菊蛤化石。]]

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20101206024729/http://www.unizd.hr/LinkClick.aspx?link=Ifantidis.pdf&tabid=1434&mid=1870 Spondylus Session Abstracts] on Spondylus research at the 13th Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists at Zadar, Croatia, September 2007
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20031231033508/http://nighthawk.tricity.wsu.edu/museum/ArcherdShellCollection/Bivalvia/Spondylidae.html Information about Spondylus] from the website of the Gladys Archerd Shell Collection at Washington State University Tri-Cities Natural History Museum
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070226163542/http://home.earthlink.net/~aydinslibrary/MalacGp09.pdf Article on "notched" Spondylus] Neolithic artifacts in Europe

參考書目

• [http://spondylus.wordpress.com/ A full and constantly updated bibliography] on Spondylus spp. in Aegean, Balkan, European and American contexts

史前歐洲

• F. IFANTIDIS/M. NIKOLAIDOU (eds.), 2011.Spondylus in Prehistory: New Data and Approaches. Contributions to the Archaeology of Shell Technologies (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, Int. Ser. 2216)
• P. HALSTEAD, 1993. Spondylus shell ornaments from late Neolithic Dimini, Greece: Specialized manufacture or unequal accumulation? Antiquity 67: 603–609.
• Vl. PODBORSKÝ (Hrsg.), 2002. Dvĕpohřebištĕ Neolitického lidu s Lineární Keramikou ve Vedrovicích na Moravĕ (Brno, Masarykovy University Philosophy Faculty Dept. of Archaeology and Museology).
• J. RODDEN, 1970. The Spondylus-shell trade and the beginnings of the Vinča culture. In:Actes du VIIe Congres International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques: 411-413 (Praha: Akademia Nauk).
• M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, 2000. Spondylus gaederopus: Some observations on the earliest European long distance exchange system. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien: Phoibos Verlag) 423-437.
• M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, Spondylus and Long-Distance Trade in Prehistoric Europe In: Anthony, D. W. (ed.), The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. (Princeton) 179-189.
• J. SHACKLETON/H. ELDERFIELD, 1993. Strontium isotope dating of the source of Neolithic European Spondylus shell artefacts. Antiquity 64: 312-315.
• N. SHACKLETON/C. RENFREW, 1970. Neolithic trade routes realigned by oxygen isotope analyses. Nature 228: 1062-5.
• H. TODOROVA, 2000. Die Spondylus-Problematik heute. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien, Phoibos Verlag) 415-422.
• Sl. VENCL, 1959. Spondylove šperky v podunajskem Neolitů, Archeologicke Rozhledy 9: 699-742.