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小猪笼草

Wikipedia · 2025-01-15 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

小猪笼草（学名：*'）广布于东南亚低地的热带食虫植物。其种加词来源于拉丁文“gracilis*”，意为“细长的”。小猪笼草存在于马来西亚、新加坡、印尼苏门答腊及泰国。经常匍匐生长在没有树荫的开阔草地上。该物种的海拔分布范围也很广，为海拔0至1100米（少数甚至可达1700米尽管其分布非常的广泛，但关于小猪笼草的自然杂交种却很少见，最知名的就是毛果猪笼草。

彼得·威廉·科萨尔在1839年发表的专著《关于猪笼草属》中对小猪笼草进行了正式的描述。

食虫性
小猪笼草的捕虫笼相对比较普通，唇非常窄小且相对其他猪笼草而言寿命较短。但其捕虫笼笼盖下表面却存在着参差不齐的蜡质层，该特征可能是猪笼草属内唯一的。该蜡质层与捕虫笼内表面蜡质区的蜡质层厚度不一且结构也完全不同。，该蜡质层在下暴雨时会增加昆虫在笼盖下表面的附着难度，使昆虫容易受雨滴撞击而落入捕虫笼内，从而该蜡质层成为小猪笼草捕获猎物机制的一部分。科學家透過X光分析小猪笼草，發現籠蓋與植株間有個特別脆弱的點，該點被雨滴擊中時會塌陷，連帶使笼盖往下彈，讓獵物落入捕蟲籠後以特定方式復原。這是其近親莱佛士猪笼草沒有的機制。

{{Gallery
|title=在实验条件下小猪笼草的捕虫试验望加丽岛、兰塔岛、达鲁岛、纳闽岛、浮罗交怡、孟德尔岛、明打威群島（西比路島）、美兰地群岛（巴東島、朗桑島、直名丁宜島）、马萨拉岛、尼亞斯島、槟榔屿、廖内群岛（林加群島、納土納群島、廖内岛）、魯帕島。

相关物种
2001年，查尔斯·克拉克对来自苏门答腊岛和西马来西亚的猪笼草进行了分支系统学分析，共利用了70个形态特征。以下为猪笼草进化树的“第6分支”。

种下类群
尽管小猪笼草的可变性较小
*Nepenthes gracilis var. elongata Bl. (1852)
*Nepenthes gracilis var. longinodis Beck (1895)
(N. ampullaria × N. gracilis) × N. bicalcarata [=N. × trichocarpa × N. bicalcarata*]
*N. bicalcarata × N. gracilis [=N. × cantleyi]
*N. gracilis × N. northiana [=N. × bauensis]
*N. gracilis × N. rafflesiana
*N. gracilis × N. reinwardtiana
*N. gracilis × N. sumatrana

File:N. albomarginata x N. gracilis.jpg|白环猪笼草与小猪笼草的自然杂交种
Image:Ntrichocarpa1.jpg|毛果猪笼草
Image:Nepenthes x cantleyi.jpg|坎特利猪笼草
Image:Nepentheseustachyagracilis.jpg|？真穗猪笼草与小猪笼草的自然杂交种
File:N. gracilis x N. mirabilis.jpg|沙礼花－哈萨猪笼草
File:Bauensis1.jpg|石龙门猪笼草
File:Nepenthes gracilis x Nepenthes rafflesiana.jpg|小猪笼草与莱佛士猪笼草的自然杂交种
Image:Nepenthesgracilissumatrana2.jpg|小猪笼草与苏门答腊猪笼草的自然杂交种

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*

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#馬來西亞植物 #印度尼西亚植物 #猪笼草属 #亚洲食虫植物 #泰国植物 #新加坡植物

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