苹果猪笼草

苹果猪笼草（学名：）是一种分布广泛的猪笼草。其存在于在婆罗洲、摩鹿加群岛、新几内亚、西马来西亚、新加坡、苏门答腊和泰国。其种加词“”来源于拉丁文“ampulla”，意为“烧瓶”。

与其他物种的区别在于其食虫性已退化，并已具有部分的食腐性，转为以捕虫笼收集和消化落叶。因此素食性使得相當多的生物居住其中，形成特殊的共生關係，而這些生物有時能提供氮源。

蘋果豬籠草的中文名的由來
1990年代，有一位台灣的栽培者接受園藝雜誌的採訪，記者要求提供豬籠草的俗名，這位栽培者脫口而說出「就叫蘋果豬籠草吧！」因為從某個角度看起來像蘋果，於是雜誌刊登這篇報導後，這種豬籠草就叫作蘋果豬籠草了。

植物学史
苹果猪笼草的捕虫笼形态和生长习性均十分独特，与其余同属植物具有显著的不同。弗朗西斯·欧内斯特·劳埃德翻译了特罗尔在1932年对苹果猪笼草的描述：{{refn|name=Lloyd|group="注"|F·E·劳埃德翻译特罗尔1932年对苹果猪笼草的描述原文：

形态特征
苹果猪笼草的茎呈淡棕色，可以攀爬至15米的高处。上位笼十分罕见，且其尺寸远小于下位笼。笼盖后翻，不具遮雨功能。、廖内岛）、魯帕島

苹果猪笼草一般生长在海拔1200米以下的潮湿阴凉的森林中。在婆罗洲，苹果猪笼草主要分布在海拔0至1000米相对平坦的巽他荒原森林、泥炭沼泽森林和退化沼泽林中。

在苏门答腊和西马来西亚，苹果猪笼草生长于海拔1100米以下荒原森林的平坦地带、巴丹疏林、、泥炭沼泽林、退化沼泽森林以及浅水区域中。

在新几内亚，苹果猪笼草主要生长在南洋杉林中。亦曾发现于次生林、开放小型叶植被和低湿地植被中。这些经过形态改变的气孔保卫细胞，被认为可以让昆虫更加容易地滑入笼中。而蜡质区的作用是使昆虫滑落入笼中的消化液里。已知最小的旧大陆蛙——猪笼草姬蛙和一种蟹蛛——猪笼草花蛛，生存于苹果猪笼草的捕虫笼中。

种下类群
]]
记载中最常见的变种是发现于沙捞越的总状苹果猪笼草，其具有总状花序。B·H·丹瑟将其余视为非重要的变种。已发表的品种包括：

*N. ampullacea var. picta Hort.Parker ex Rafarin (1869)
*N. ampullacea var. vittata Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin (1869)

• N. ampullaria var. geelvinkiana Becc. (1886)
• N. ampullaria var. guttata D.Moore (1872)
• N. ampullaria var. longicarpa Becc. (1886)
• N. ampullaria var. microsepala Macfarl. (1911)
• N. ampullaria var. papuana Becc. in sched. nom.nud.

• N. ampullaria var. racemosa J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1990)

*N. ampullaria var. viridis Hort. ex Teijsm. (1859)nom.nud.

• N. ampullaria var. vittata-major Mast. (1872)

自然杂交种
苹果猪笼草每年开花一至两次，花期数周。它的花期与其他许多猪笼草属植物吻合，因此它很容易和其他种形成自然杂交种。以下为已发现的自然杂交种。

• N. albomarginata × N. ampullaria
• N. ampullaria × N. hirsuta
• ? (N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × hookeriana × N. mirabilis]
• N. ampullaria × N. reinwardtiana
• N. ampullaria × N. tobaica

Image:Nampullariaeustachya2.jpg|苹果猪笼草与真穗猪笼草的自然杂交种
Image:Ntrichocarpa1.jpg|毛果猪笼草
Image:Nepampneo1.jpg|苹果猪笼草与新几内亚猪笼草的自然杂交种
Image:N.hookerianaWhite3.jpg|虎克猪笼草

注释
参考文献

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扩展阅读

• 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中[http://www.cpphotofinder.com/nepenthes-ampullaria-10.html 苹果猪笼草的照片]