人体内有数百种特异的细胞类型,总共有多于一百兆的细胞。
细胞类型可以依照其组织来源进行分类。然而,某些细胞的行为可能是受其外周组织影响的。
源自内胚层的细胞
腺细胞
外分泌上皮细胞
*唾液腺黏液细胞(分泌物質中以多糖為主)
*唾液腺浆液细胞(分泌物質中以醣蛋白酶為主)
*舌部的(Von Ebner's glands)细胞(冲刷味蕾)
*乳腺细胞(分泌乳汁)
*泪腺细胞(分泌泪液)
*耳的细胞(分泌蜡质耳垢)
*外分泌汗腺暗细胞,Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (糖蛋白分泌,glycoprotein secretion)
*外分泌汗腺亮细胞,Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (小分子分泌,small molecule secretion)
*顶泌汗腺细胞,Apocrine sweat gland cell (性激素敏感的体味分泌,odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
*眼睑的墨氏腺细胞,Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (特殊汗腺,specialized sweat gland)
*脂肪腺细胞,Sebaceous gland cell (皮脂腺脂肪分泌,lipid-rich sebum secretion)
*鼻的鲍曼氏腺细胞Bowman's gland cell in nose (冲刷嗅觉上皮,washes olfactory epithelium)
*十二指肠的歩茹呐氏细胞Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (酶和碱性粘液,enzymes and alkaline mucus)
*精液泡细胞,Seminal vesicle cell (分泌精液成分,包括精子游动所需的果糖,secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
*前列腺细胞,Prostate gland cell (分泌精液成分,secretes seminal fluid components)
*尿道球部腺细胞,Bulbourethral gland cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
*巴多林氏腺(前庭大腺)细胞,Bartholin's gland cell (阴道润滑物质分泌,vaginal lubricant secretion)
*尿道腺|利特腺细胞,Gland of Littre cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
*子宫内膜细胞,Uterus endometrium cell (碳水化合物分泌,carbohydrate secretion)
*呼吸系统之呼吸管或消化系统之肠胃管的孤立杯状细胞,Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
*胃膜粘液细胞,Stomach lining mucous cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
*胃主细胞|胃腺酶源细胞,Gastric gland zymogenic cell (胃蛋白酶原分泌,pepsinogen secretion)
*壁细胞|胃腺泌酸细胞,Gastric gland oxyntic cell (盐酸分泌,hydrochloric acid secretion)
*胰腺腺泡细胞,Pancreatic acinar cell (碳酸氢盐和消化酶分泌,bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
*小肠的帕内特细胞,Paneth cell of small intestine (溶解酶分泌,lysozyme secretion)
*肺脏二型肺细胞,Type II pneumocyte of lung (表面活性物质分泌,surfactant secretion)
*肺脏的克拉拉细胞,Clara cell of lung
激素分泌细胞,Hormone secreting cells
*垂体前部细胞,Anterior pituitary cells
** 生长激素细胞,Somatotropes
** 催乳素细胞,Lactotropes
** 促甲状腺细胞,Thyrotropes
** 促性腺细胞,Gonadotropes
** 促皮质激素细胞,Corticotropes
*垂体中叶细胞,分泌黑素细胞刺激激素,Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
*大细胞性神经分泌细胞,Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
** 分泌后叶催产素,secreting oxytocin
** 抗利尿激素分泌,secreting vasopressin
*肠和呼吸管细胞,Gut and respiratory tract cells
** 血管收缩素分泌,secreting serotonin
** 内啡肽分泌,secreting endorphin
** 生长激素分泌,secreting somatostatin
** 胃泌激素分泌,secreting gastrin
** 分泌素分泌,secreting secretin
** 胆囊收缩素分泌,secreting cholecystokinin
** 胰岛素分泌,secreting insulin
** 胰高血糖素分泌,secreting glucagon
** 盘舌蟾素分泌,secreting bombesin
*甲状腺细胞,Thyroid gland cells
** 甲状腺上皮细胞,thyroid epithelial cell
** 滤泡旁细胞,parafollicular cell
*副甲状腺细胞,Parathyroid gland cells
** 副甲状腺主细胞,Parathyroid chief cell
** 嗜酸细胞,Oxyphil cell
*肾上腺细胞,Adrenal gland cells
** 嗜铬细胞,chromaffin cells
** 类固醇激素分泌,secreting steroid hormones (盐皮质激素与糖皮质激素,mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids)
*分泌睾丸激素的睾丸间质细胞,Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
*分泌雌激素的卵泡内膜细胞,Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
*分泌孕酮的破裂卵泡的黄体细胞,Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
**颗粒型黄体素细胞,Granulosa lutein cells
**皮质型黄体素细胞,Theca lutein cells
*近肾小球细胞,Juxtaglomerular cell (肾素分泌,renin secretion)
*肾脏致密斑细胞,Macula densa cell of kidney
*肾脏极周细胞,Peripolar cell of kidney
*肾脏的肾小球系膜细胞,Mesangial cell of kidney
源自外胚层的细胞
皮肤系统
神经系统
源自中胚层的细胞
代谢与储存细胞
屏障功能的细胞
肾
其它
Epithelial cells lining closed internal body cavities
*血管和淋巴管内皮穿孔细胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell
*血管和淋巴管内皮连续细胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell
*血管和淋巴管内皮脾脏细胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell
*软膜蛛网膜鳞片状细胞,Pia-arachnoid squamous cell
*眼睛的有色纤毛上皮细胞,Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
*眼睛的无色纤毛上皮细胞,Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
*角膜内皮细胞,Corneal endothelial cell
*(输卵管的)钉形细胞,Peg cell (of Fallopian tube)
细胞外基质细胞
收缩细胞
血液与免疫系统
*红细胞,Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
*巨核细胞(血小板的前体细胞),Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
*单核细胞,Monocyte
*结缔组织中的巨噬细胞(包含多种类型),Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
*表皮中的朗格汉斯细胞(Langerhans cell)
*破骨细胞(存在于骨骼中),Osteoclast (in bone)
*树突状细胞(存在于淋巴组织中),Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
*小胶质细胞(存在于中枢神经系统中),Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
*中性粒细胞,Neutrophil granulocyte
*嗜酸性粒细胞,Eosinophil granulocyte
*嗜碱性粒细胞,Basophil granulocyte
*肥大细胞,Mast cell
*辅助T细胞,Helper T cell
*抑制T细胞,Suppressor T cell
*细胞毒T细胞,Cytotoxic T cell
*自然杀伤细胞,Natural Killer T cell
*B细胞,B cell
*网状细胞,Reticulocyte
*血液及免疫系统的干细胞和祖细胞(包含多种类型),Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
Pigment cells
*黑素细胞,Melanocyte
*视网膜色素上皮细胞,Retinal pigmented epithelial cell
Germ cells
*卵原细胞/卵母细胞,Oogonium/Oocyte
*精细胞,Spermatid
*精原细胞,Spermatocyte
*精母细胞(产生精原细胞的干细胞),Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
*精子,Spermatozoon
护理细胞,Nurse cells
*卵巢卵泡细胞,Ovarian follicle cell
*塞尔托利氏细胞,(Sertoli cell,位于睾丸)
*胸腺上皮细胞,Thymus epithelial cell
间质组织细胞
*间质组织肾细胞(Interstitial kidney cells)
參考資料
外部連結
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101029105626/http://garlandscience.com/textbooks/0815341059/images/Cells%20of%20the%20Adult%20Human%20Body%20-%20A%20Catalog.doc Cells of the Adult Human Body: A Catalogue]
*[http://neurolex.org/wiki/Cell_Types_With_Definitions Types of neurons from NeuroLex]
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