锡克帝国是南亚曾经存在的一个国家,时间为1799年至1849年。领土包含今天的巴基斯坦东部,以及印度西北部的小部分地区。首都位于古吉兰瓦拉。
锡克帝国起源于由旁遮普地区众多组成的邦联——锡克联盟。锡克帝国首任君主为兰季德·辛格,他于1801年4月12日加冕。
1831年估计帝国人口为350万(当时世界上人口第19大的国家),由少数锡克教徒统治,但它允许来自其他宗教的如穆斯林和印度教徒担任上层职位。它是印度次大陆最后一个被大英帝国吞并的主要国家。锡克帝国最终在1849年第二次英国锡克战争结束后解体,分为半独立的王侯领和英属印度旁遮普省。之后,英国在拉合尔设立了一个副总督,作为英国王室的直接代表。
注脚
延伸阅读
- Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708–1769), By Hari Ram Gupta. (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. Date: 1999, , 383 pages, illustrated).
- The Sikh Army (1799–1849) (Men-at-arms), By Ian Heath. (Date: 2005, ).
- The Heritage of the Sikhs By Harbans Singh. (Date: 1994, ).
- Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire. (Date: 2000, Second Edition. ).
- The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls. (Date: 2001, revised edition. ).
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers, By Jean-Marie Lafont. (Oxford University Press. Date: 2002, ).
- History of Panjab, By Dr L. M. Joshi and Dr Fauja Singh.
外部链接
- [http://worldsikhnews.com/7%20January%202009/Image/page%2012-13%20for%20web.pdf Article on Coins of the Sikh Empire]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20180801171311/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/warriors_1750.html Sikh Confederacy]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105224202/http://www.searchsikhism.com/rise.html Confederacy of Punjab]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105222035/http://www.searchsikhism.com/raaj.html Sikh Kingdom of Ranjit Singh]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608071158/http://www.harisinghnalwa.com/general.html Battle of Jamrud]
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