免疫抑制劑（immunosuppressive agent，immunosuppressant）或免疫抑制药（immunosuppressive drug），是一类对免疫系统有免疫抑制效用，使组织损伤得以减轻的化学或生物外源物质（化学药品、生物制品）；应用於器官移植抗排斥反应與各種自體免疫疾病。内源的免疫抑制物质，则称免疫抑制物（immunosuppressive substance），如睾酮。
免疫抑制药的效用可以通过免疫组织化学染色法测定淋巴细胞的反应来得出。免疫抑制劑之藥理作用在抑制免疫反應，多數免疫抑制劑可選擇性抑制T淋巴球、細胞激素、干擾素、介白素-2（IL-2）、TNF等物質活性，達到療效，但長期使用會抑制正常免疫功能，會增加病人感染和發生腫瘤的危險。
常見藥物
常見的免疫抑制药包括：
*環孢素（Cyclosporin）：作用機轉為鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑，由真菌的代謝物萃取，具環狀胜肽構造，是強力免疫抑制劑，可選擇性抑制輔助型T淋巴球（Th）的分化及抑制 IL-2 的釋出，而抑制抗體的產生，但不影響B淋巴球及吞噬細胞的功能。
*依维莫司（Everolimus）
*雷帕黴素（Sirolimus）
*霉酚酸（Mycophenolic acid）
参考文献
参见
*免疫系统
外部連結
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029140924/http://pancreas-kidney.com/drugs.html Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Drugs], a brief history of immunosuppressive drugs. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[https://www.vin.com/VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00192.htm WSAVA 2001 - Immunosuppressive drug therapy], from the veterinary point of view. By Mark Papich. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/10/6/1366 Newer Immunosuppressive Drugs;A Review] -Gummert et al. - J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1366-1380, 1999. Free full text at JASN. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051021124524/http://www.degruyter.de/journals/labmed/2002/pdf/26_27.pdf Principles and Practice of Monitoring Immunosuppressive Drugs]. W.V.Armstrong, J Lab Med, 2002, 26 (1/2): 27-36. PDF. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190228052830/http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/recent/immunology/031204.htm Are Immunosuppressive Drugs a Useful Adjuvant to Treatment of HIV with Antiretrovirals?]. Hivandhepatitis.com. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080919060841/http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2848.htm Immunosuppression]. By Randy P Prescilla, MD; accessed on Emedicine.com on 21 August 2005
*[http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozItem.cfm?id=77 National Kidney Foundation: A to Z Health Guide] , answers to some frequently asked questions about immunosuppression in renal transplantation for a layman. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[http://www.drugguide.com/classification_articles/immunosuppressants.htm Immunosuppressants, Pharmacologic profile] . Drugguide.com. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
*[http://ibscrohns.about.com/od/immunosuppressants/index_r.htm Immunosuppressants], a collection of links at About.com. Accessed ob 21 August 2005.
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