牛舌草属

牛舌草属（Anchusa L.）是指紫草科牛舌草属的植物，有50种，分布于欧洲，非洲北部和亚洲西部，其中牛舌草（Anchusa italica）中国有引种。属名Anchusa源于希腊语anchusa，意为“皮肤上的涂料”，指本属植物部分可制作化妆品。

形状特征
一年生或多年生被毛草本；叶互生；聚伞花序项生，2歧或一侧生花；萼5裂，裂片狭窄；花冠管直，圆筒形，喉部很少扩大，上部5裂，裂片覆瓦状排列，具乳头状凸起的鳞片状附属物；雄蕊5，内藏；子房4裂，柱头钝，全缘或2裂；小坚果4，斜形或内弯，着生面位于果的基部。

种
*Anchusa aegyptiaca (L.) A. DC.
*Anchusa aggregata Lehm.
*Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb.. : Small Bugloss, Bugloss, Annual Bugloss
*Anchusa atlantica Ball
*Anchusa aucheri A. DC.
*Anchusa azurea P.Mill.: Italian Bugloss, Large Blue Alkanet
*Anchusa barrelieri (All.) Vitman: Barrelier's bugloss
*Anchusa caespitosa Lam.
*Anchusa calcarea Boiss.
*Anchusa capellii Moris
*南非牛舌草 Anchusa capensis Thunb.: Cape Bugloss, Cape Forget-me-not
*Anchusa cretica Miller
*Anchusa crispa Viv. (status vulnerable to endangered in France and Italy)
*Anchusa davidovii Stoj.
*Anchusa formosa sp. nov. : (Sardinia)
*Anchusa gmelinii Ledeb.
*Anchusa hispida Forsskål
*Anchusa hybrida Ten.
*Anchusa italica Retz.
*Anchusa leptophylla Roemer & Schultes
*Anchusa leucantha sp. nov. (Greece)
*Anchusa littorea Moris
*Anchusa macedonica Degen & Dörfler
*Anchusa mairei Gusuleac
*Anchusa milleri Sprengel
*Anchusa ochroleuca M.Bieb. : Yellow Alkanet

• 药用牛舌草Anchusa officinalis L. : True Alkanet, Bugloss, Common Bugloss, Corn Bugloss, Field Bugloss (type species)

* A. officinalis L. ssp. intacta* (Griseb.) Selvi & Bigazz
*Anchusa ovata Lehm.
*Anchusa procera Besser
*Anchusa pseudogranatensis (Br.-Bl. & Maire) Sennen & Mauricio
*Anchusa puechii Valdés
*Anchusa pusilla Gusuleac
*Anchusa samothracica
*Anchusa sartorii Gusuleac
*Anchusa sempervirens : Evergreen Alkanet)
*Anchusa spruneri Boiss.
*Anchusa strigosa
*Anchusa stylosa M.Bieb.
* A. stylosa M.Bieb. ssp. spruneri* (Boiss.) Selvi & Bigazzi
*Anchusa subglabra A. Caballero
*Anchusa thessala
*Anchusa tiberiadis Post
*Anchusa undulata L.
* A. undulata subsp. granatensis* (Boiss.) Valdés
* A. undulata subsp. lamprocarpa* Br.-Bl. & Maire
* A. undulata subsp. viciosoi* Laínz
* A. undulata ssp. sartorii* (Gu ul.) Selvi & Bigazzi
*Anchusa variegata (L.) Lehm.
*Anchusa velenovskii (Gusuleac) Stoj.

参考文献