長腳蛛科(學名:),又名肖蛸科或肖峭科,是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一個蜘蛛的科,由於1866年描述。
形態描述
本科物種有一具拉長了的身體、腿及螯肢,所結的蜘蛛網都是空心圓網,其網經長呈水平或稍微傾斜。部分物種通常可在近水的長長植被裡發現。蜘蛛體長雌性約9~13毫米,雄性約7~8毫米。與多半蜘蛛相同,屬於本科物種皆有八單眼,其位置如下:
系統學
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根據《中國動物志》,本科包括六個亞科、20個屬,但有部分分類現時已獨立出去,但仍歸到金蛛總科之下。
,World Spider Catalog接納以下有現生種的屬:
***' Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
***' Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
***' Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
***' Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
***' Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
***' Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
***' Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
***' Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
*Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
***' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
***' Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属* Simon, 1893:見於印尼、巴西及薩摩亞。
***' Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
***' Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
***' Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
***' Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
銀腹蛛屬 *' Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
*Leucauge White, 1841:又名银鳞蛛属 ,見於非洲、北美洲、亞洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
***' Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
***' Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 後蛛屬 **' C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
***' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
***' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
*Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
***' Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
***' Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
***' Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
***' Simon, 1908 — Australia
***' Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
***' Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
***' Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
***' Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
***' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
***' Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
***' Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
***' Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
***' Lessert, 1938 — Congo
***' Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
***' Archer, 1951 — Mexico
***' Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
***' Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
***' Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
長腳蜘蛛屬 Tetragnatha* Latreille, 1804:又名肖蛸属— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
***' Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
隆背蛛屬 Tylorida* Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
*Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
***' Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
***' Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
化石種
下列各屬只有化石種,沒有現生種:
- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪, Bitterfield and )
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪, )
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, )
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
過往屬於本科的屬
- **' Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of **'
- **' Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see **'
參考文獻
- Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). **' 70:180–183. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060928163951/http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/70/70-180.pdf PDF]
外部連結
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- [http://tolweb.org/Tetragnathidae/2799 Tree of Life Tetragnathidae]
- [http://cirrusimage.com/spider_longjawed_orb_weaver.htm Tatragnatha sp.] Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- [http://cirrusimage.com/spider_Tetragnathid.htm Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa]
- [http://cirrusimage.com/spider_Venusta_Orchard.htm Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae]
- [http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?SUB=11645 Pictures of Tetragnatha sp.] (free for noncommercial use)
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